Metabolic alkalosis physical examination

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marufa Marium, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Patients suffering from Metabolic alkalosis usually appear restless, irritable. Patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually remarkable for tachycardia/dysrhythmia, hypoxemia, Hypoxemia, Compensatory hypoventilation, Muscle cramps, Tremor, tingling and numbness in extremities, Weakness on clinical examination.

Physical Examination

  • Physical examination of patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually remarkable for : tachycardia/dysrhythmia, hypoxemia, Hypoxemia, Compensatory hypoventilation, Muscle cramps, Tremor, tingling and numbness in extremities, Weakness.

Appearance of the Patient

  • Patients with metabolic alkalosis usually appear Restlessness/ Irritable/lethargic.

Vital Signs

  • High-grade / low-grade fever
  • Hypothermia may present in hypovolemic conditions, hyperthermia may be seen endocrine or infectious causes.
  • Tachycardia with regular pulse.
  • Compensatory Bradypnea.
  • High/low blood pressure depending on causes of metabolic alkalosis

Skin

HEENT

  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Dry oral mucosa without tonsillar swelling, exudates, and/or petechiae

Neck


Lungs

  • Hypoxemia
  • Compensatory hypoventilation
  • Pulmonary microatelactasis
  • Increased V/Q mismatch

Heart

  • Tachycardia
  • Dysarrythmia
  • CHF findings

Abdomen

Abdominal examination of patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually depends on the causes.

Back

  • Back examination of patients with metabolic alkalosis is usually normal.


Genitourinary

  • Urine output and frequency should be measured.

Neuromuscular

  • Confusion
  • Loss of consciousness/Mental obtundation, *Neuromuscular excitability/Muscle cramps, *Tremor

Extremities

  • Tingling and numbness in extremities, *Weakness

References

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