Menopause physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Women]] with [[menopause]] are usually well-appearing. [[ | [[Women]] with [[menopause]] are usually well-appearing. Common [[physical examination]] of [[women]] with [[menopause]] include [[elevated blood pressure]], [[hot flushes]], [[weight gain]], change of [[breast]] size, [[Vaginal|vaginal atrophy]], [https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/female-external-genital-organs#:~:text=The%20external%20genital%20organs%20include,sperm%20to%20enter%20the%20body external genital organs] become thinner. In premature menopause, [https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/turner-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360782 Signs of Turner syndrome], and [https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/commonsymptoms Signs of Fragil X syndrome]. | ||
==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
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[[Women]] with natural [[menopause]] usually well appearing. | [[Women]] with natural [[menopause]] usually well appearing. | ||
====Vital Signs''':'''==== | ====Vital Signs''':.'''==== | ||
*[[Elevated blood pressure]] may be noted in [[women]] with [[menopause]] | *[[Elevated blood pressure]] may be noted in [[women]] with [[menopause]]<ref name="pmid19247469">{{cite journal| author=Maas AH, Franke HR| title=Women's health in menopause with a focus on hypertension. | journal=Neth Heart J | year= 2009 | volume= 17 | issue= 2 | pages= 68-72 | pmid=19247469 | doi=10.1007/BF03086220 | pmc=2644382 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19247469 }} </ref> | ||
*Other [[vital signs]] ( [[heart rate]], [[respiratory rate]], [[temperature]]) are normal. | *Other [[vital signs]] ( [[heart rate]], [[respiratory rate]], [[temperature]]) are normal. | ||
====Face Sign:==== | |||
*[[Hot flushes]] | |||
====Genital Signs:<ref name="pmid30601037">{{cite journal| author=Cagnacci A, Xholli A, Sclauzero M, Venier M, Palma F, Gambacciani M | display-authors=etal| title=Vaginal atrophy across the menopausal age: results from the ANGEL study. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2019 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 85-89 | pmid=30601037 | doi=10.1080/13697137.2018.1529748 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30601037 }} </ref>==== | ====Genital Signs:<ref name="pmid30601037">{{cite journal| author=Cagnacci A, Xholli A, Sclauzero M, Venier M, Palma F, Gambacciani M | display-authors=etal| title=Vaginal atrophy across the menopausal age: results from the ANGEL study. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2019 | volume= 22 | issue= 1 | pages= 85-89 | pmid=30601037 | doi=10.1080/13697137.2018.1529748 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30601037 }} </ref>==== | ||
*Pale and [[Vaginal dryness|dryness]] of the [[vagina]] | *Pale and [[Vaginal dryness|dryness]] of the [[vagina]] | ||
* | *[[Vaginal atrophy]] | ||
* | *The [https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/women-s-health-issues/biology-of-the-female-reproductive-system/female-external-genital-organs#:~:text=The%20external%20genital%20organs%20include,sperm%20to%20enter%20the%20body external genital organs] are thin | ||
====Premature menopause signs:<ref name="pmid19196677">{{cite journal| author=Nelson LM| title=Clinical practice. Primary ovarian insufficiency. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2009 | volume= 360 | issue= 6 | pages= 606-14 | pmc=2762081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19196677 }} </ref>==== | ====Premature menopause signs:<ref name="pmid19196677">{{cite journal| author=Nelson LM| title=Clinical practice. Primary ovarian insufficiency. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2009 | volume= 360 | issue= 6 | pages= 606-14 | pmc=2762081 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19196677 }} </ref>==== | ||
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*[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/turner-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360782 Signs of Turner syndrome]: such as [[short stature]], [[webbed neck]], and arched palate. | *[https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/turner-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20360782 Signs of Turner syndrome]: such as [[short stature]], [[webbed neck]], and arched palate. | ||
*[https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/commonsymptoms Signs of Fragil X syndrome]: such as [[dementia]], [[intellectual disability]], [[ataxia]] or [[tremor]]. | *[https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/fragilex/conditioninfo/commonsymptoms Signs of Fragil X syndrome]: such as [[dementia]], [[intellectual disability]], [[ataxia]] or [[tremor]]. | ||
*[https://www.medicinenet.com/thyroid_disease_symptoms_and_signs/article.htm Signs of Thyroid disorder]: such as [[Goiter]], [[weight gain]]<ref name="pmid23998691">{{cite journal| author=del Ghianda S, Tonacchera M, Vitti P| title=Thyroid and menopause. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 225-34 | pmid=23998691 | doi=10.3109/13697137.2013.838554 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23998691 }} </ref>. | *[https://www.medicinenet.com/thyroid_disease_symptoms_and_signs/article.htm Signs of Thyroid disorder]: such as [[Goiter]], [[weight gain]].<ref name="pmid23998691">{{cite journal| author=del Ghianda S, Tonacchera M, Vitti P| title=Thyroid and menopause. | journal=Climacteric | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 3 | pages= 225-34 | pmid=23998691 | doi=10.3109/13697137.2013.838554 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23998691 }} </ref> | ||
* [[skin pigmentation]]: such as [[Vitiligo]], [[hyperpigmentation]]. | |||
====Other sign==== | ==== Other sign:<ref name="pmid15223108">{{cite journal| author=den Tonkelaar I, Peeters PH, van Noord PA| title=Increase in breast size after menopause: prevalence and determinants. | journal=Maturitas | year= 2004 | volume= 48 | issue= 1 | pages= 51-7 | pmid=15223108 | doi=10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.10.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15223108 }} </ref> ==== | ||
*[[Breast]] | *Change b[[Breast|reast]] size. | ||
*[[weight gain]] | *[[weight gain]] | ||
*[[Dry skin]] | *[[Dry skin]] | ||
Latest revision as of 04:32, 16 February 2021
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Rahmah Al-Edresi, M.D.[2]
Overview
Women with menopause are usually well-appearing. Common physical examination of women with menopause include elevated blood pressure, hot flushes, weight gain, change of breast size, vaginal atrophy, external genital organs become thinner. In premature menopause, Signs of Turner syndrome, and Signs of Fragil X syndrome.
Physical Examination
General Appearance:
Women with natural menopause usually well appearing.
Vital Signs:.
- Elevated blood pressure may be noted in women with menopause[1]
- Other vital signs ( heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature) are normal.
Face Sign:
Genital Signs:[2]
- Pale and dryness of the vagina
- Vaginal atrophy
- The external genital organs are thin
Premature menopause signs:[3]
- Signs of Turner syndrome: such as short stature, webbed neck, and arched palate.
- Signs of Fragil X syndrome: such as dementia, intellectual disability, ataxia or tremor.
- Signs of Thyroid disorder: such as Goiter, weight gain.[4]
- skin pigmentation: such as Vitiligo, hyperpigmentation.
Other sign:[5]
- Change breast size.
- weight gain
- Dry skin
References
- ↑ Maas AH, Franke HR (2009). "Women's health in menopause with a focus on hypertension". Neth Heart J. 17 (2): 68–72. doi:10.1007/BF03086220. PMC 2644382. PMID 19247469.
- ↑ Cagnacci A, Xholli A, Sclauzero M, Venier M, Palma F, Gambacciani M; et al. (2019). "Vaginal atrophy across the menopausal age: results from the ANGEL study". Climacteric. 22 (1): 85–89. doi:10.1080/13697137.2018.1529748. PMID 30601037.
- ↑ Nelson LM (2009). "Clinical practice. Primary ovarian insufficiency". N Engl J Med. 360 (6): 606–14. PMC 2762081.
- ↑ del Ghianda S, Tonacchera M, Vitti P (2014). "Thyroid and menopause". Climacteric. 17 (3): 225–34. doi:10.3109/13697137.2013.838554. PMID 23998691.
- ↑ den Tonkelaar I, Peeters PH, van Noord PA (2004). "Increase in breast size after menopause: prevalence and determinants". Maturitas. 48 (1): 51–7. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2003.10.002. PMID 15223108.