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The [[Grandmother hypothesis]] considers that the menopause may have been selected for in human evolution, because later life infertility could actually have conferred an evolutionary advantage by allowing older women to spend more time helping with the survival of their existing children and grandchildren. | The [[Grandmother hypothesis]] considers that the menopause may have been selected for in human evolution, because later life infertility could actually have conferred an evolutionary advantage by allowing older women to spend more time helping with the survival of their existing children and grandchildren. | ||
Historical perspective: | |||
* In the past, the studies on cessation of the menstrual cycle after 40 years of age in women was very rare, A French physician named the cessation of menstrual cycle as term of menopause in 1821. | |||
* the medical interest in menopause started in mid-19th century, and therefore knew the menopause symptoms because deficiency of estrogen hormone and was treated of menopause symptoms by estrogen replacement therapy in 1970s and had been developed in 1938. | |||
* International Menopause Society was founded in 1970s and the first international conference on menopause was organized in Paris, France in 1976. | |||
In the past, the studies on cessation of the menstrual cycle after 40 years of age in women was very rare, A French physician named the cessation of menstrual cycle as term of menopause in 1821. | * Overall, women in western countries viewed menopause negatively contrasted with the positive outlook of women in developing countries like India.<ref name="pmid15981376">{{cite journal| author=Singh A, Kaur S, Walia I| title=A historical perspective on menopause and menopausal age. | journal=Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad | year= 2002 | volume= 32 | issue= 2 | pages= 121-35 | pmid=15981376 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15981376 }} </ref> | ||
the medical interest in menopause started in mid-19th century, and therefore knew the menopause symptoms because deficiency of estrogen hormone and was treated of menopause symptoms by estrogen replacement therapy in 1970s and had been developed in 1938. | |||
International Menopause Society was founded in 1970s and the first international conference on menopause was organized in Paris, France in 1976. | |||
Overall, women in western countries viewed menopause negatively contrasted with the positive outlook of women in developing countries like India.<ref name="pmid15981376">{{cite journal| author=Singh A, Kaur S, Walia I| title=A historical perspective on menopause and menopausal age. | journal=Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad | year= 2002 | volume= 32 | issue= 2 | pages= 121-35 | pmid=15981376 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15981376 }} </ref | |||
==Menopause in other species== | ==Menopause in other species== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
The possible significance of menopause in human evolution
The Grandmother hypothesis considers that the menopause may have been selected for in human evolution, because later life infertility could actually have conferred an evolutionary advantage by allowing older women to spend more time helping with the survival of their existing children and grandchildren.
Historical perspective:
- In the past, the studies on cessation of the menstrual cycle after 40 years of age in women was very rare, A French physician named the cessation of menstrual cycle as term of menopause in 1821.
- the medical interest in menopause started in mid-19th century, and therefore knew the menopause symptoms because deficiency of estrogen hormone and was treated of menopause symptoms by estrogen replacement therapy in 1970s and had been developed in 1938.
- International Menopause Society was founded in 1970s and the first international conference on menopause was organized in Paris, France in 1976.
- Overall, women in western countries viewed menopause negatively contrasted with the positive outlook of women in developing countries like India.[1]
Menopause in other species
Unlike humans, other mammals rarely experience menopause, but it does exist in some of the other few mammal species that experience menstrual cycles, such as rhesus monkeys[2] and some cetaceans.[3]
References
- ↑ Singh A, Kaur S, Walia I (2002). "A historical perspective on menopause and menopausal age". Bull Indian Inst Hist Med Hyderabad. 32 (2): 121–35. PMID 15981376.
- ↑ Walker ML (1995). "Menopause in female rhesus monkeys". Am J Primatol. 35: 59–71.
- ↑ McAuliffe K, Whitehead H (2005). "Eusociality, menopause and information in matrilineal whales". Trends Ecol Evolution. 20: 650.