Macrocytic anemia causes: Difference between revisions

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==Causes==
==Causes==
Normal B12 absorption and action are dependent of 5 things: dietary intake, acid in the stomach, pancreatic secretions, secretion of IF by Gastric parietal cells, an ileum that can absorb the IF-B12 complex
Normal B12 absorption and action are dependent of 5 things: dietary intake, acid in the stomach, pancreatic secretions, secretion of IF by Gastric parietal cells, an ileum that can absorb the IF-B12 complex
* Vitamin B12 Deficiency: <ref>Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016</ref> <ref>Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X</ref>
#Deficient intake
#Deficient intrinsic factor ([[pernicious anaemia]] or [[gastrectomy]])
#Bilogical competition for B12 by [[diverticulosis]], [[fistula]], intestinal [[anastomosis]], [[achlorhydria]] and infection by the marine parasite ''Diphyllobothrium latum''
#Selective B12 malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
#Chronic [[pancreatitis]]
#Ileal resection and bypass
* Folate Deficiency:
#Deficient intake.
#Increased needs: [[pregnancy]], [[infant]], rapid cellular proliferation, and [[cirrhosis]]
#Malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
#Intestinal and jejunal resection
* Combined Dieficiency (Tropical Sprue): Vitamin B12 & Folate.
* Inherited [[DNA]] Synthesis Disorders: Deficient [[thiamine]] and factors (e.g. enzymes) responsible for folate metabolism.
* Toxins and Drugs:
** [[Amobarbital sodium]]
** [[Cycloserine]]
** [[Cytarabine]]
** [[Ethotoin]]
** [[Folic acid]] antagonists ([[methotrexate]])
** [[Pergolide]]
** [[Purine]] antagonists ([[6-mercaptopurine]])
** [[Pyrimidine]] antagonists (cytosine arabinoside)
** [[Phenobarbital]]
** [[Pyrimethamine]]
** [[Secobarbital sodium]]
** [[Erythroleukemia]].
*In general:
:* Nutritional defects (folic acid or vitamin B12 which is mainly from animal sources; [[vegan]]s may require supplementation)
:* Nutritional defects (folic acid or vitamin B12 which is mainly from animal sources; [[vegan]]s may require supplementation)
:* Chronic liver diseases
:* Chronic liver diseases
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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Common causes of [disease name] may include:
Common causes of macrocytsic anemia may include: causes of megaloblastic anemia and non megaloblastic anemia:
*[Cause1]
*[Cause2]
*[Cause3]


 
==== Megaloblastic ====
OR
** Vitamin B12 Deficiency:  
 
*# Deficient intake
 
*# Deficient intrinsic factor ([[pernicious anaemia]] or [[gastrectomy]])
*[Disease name] is caused by an infection with [pathogen name].
*# Bilogical competition for B12 by [[diverticulosis]], [[fistula]], intestinal [[anastomosis]], [[achlorhydria]] and infection by the marine parasite ''Diphyllobothrium latum''
*[Pathogen name] is caused by [pathogen name].
*# Selective B12 malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
*# Chronic [[pancreatitis]]
*# Ileal resection and bypass
** Folate Deficiency:
*# Deficient intake.
*# Increased needs: [[pregnancy]], [[infant]], rapid cellular proliferation, and [[cirrhosis]]
*# Malabsorption (congenital and drug-induced)
*# Intestinal and jejunal resection Toxins and Drugs:
** [[Amobarbital sodium]]
** [[Cycloserine]]
** [[Cytarabine]]
** [[Ethotoin]]
** [[Folic acid]] antagonists ([[methotrexate]])
** [[Pergolide]]
** [[Purine]] antagonists ([[6-mercaptopurine]])
** [[Pyrimidine]] antagonists (cytosine arabinoside)
** [[Phenobarbital]]
** [[Pyrimethamine]]
** [[Secobarbital sodium]]
** [[Erythroleukemia]].


===Less Common Causes===
===Less Common Causes===
Less common causes of [disease name] include:
Less common causes of  
*[Cause1]
* Combined Dieficiency (Tropical Sprue): Vitamin B12 & Folate.
*[Cause2]
* Inherited [[DNA]] Synthesis Disorders: Deficient [[thiamine]] and factors (e.g. enzymes) responsible for folate metabolism.
*[Cause3]
** [[Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome]]
**


===Genetic Causes===
===Genetic Causes===
*[Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene name] gene.
** [[Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome]]
**


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===


{|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
{| style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" |'''Cardiovascular'''
| style="width:25%" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" ; border="1" |'''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
| style="width:75%" bgcolor="Beige" ; border="1" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Amobarbital sodium]], [[Cycloserine]], [[Cytarabine]], [[Ethotoin]], [[Folic acid]] antagonists ([[methotrexate]]), [[Pergolide]], [[Purine]] antagonists ([[6-mercaptopurine]]), [[Pyrimidine]] antagonists (cytosine arabinoside), [[Phenobarbital]], [[Pyrimethamine]], [[Secobarbital sodium]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Chronic liver disease|Chronic liver diseases]], [[diverticulosis]], [[fistula]], intestinal [[anastomosis]], [[achlorhydria]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" |[[Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | ''[[Diphyllobothrium latum]]''
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | [[Pregnancy]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|- bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* Caus
* [[Alcoholism]]
* [[Amobarbital sodium]]
* [[Amobarbital sodium|Chronic liver diseases]]
* [[Cycloserine]]
* [[Cytarabine]]
* ''[[Diphyllobothrium latum]]''
* [[Ethotoin]]
* [[Folic acid]] antagonists ([[methotrexate]])
* [[Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome]]
* [[Pergolide]]
* [[Purine]] antagonists ([[6-mercaptopurine]])
* [[Pyrimidine]] antagonists (cytosine arabinoside)
* [[Phenobarbital]]
* [[Pyrimethamine]],
* [[Secobarbital sodium]]
</div>
</div>


Revision as of 21:22, 20 August 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Normal B12 absorption and action are dependent of 5 things: dietary intake, acid in the stomach, pancreatic secretions, secretion of IF by Gastric parietal cells, an ileum that can absorb the IF-B12 complex

Causes

Life-threatening Causes

  • Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
  • Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
  • [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

Common causes of macrocytsic anemia may include: causes of megaloblastic anemia and non megaloblastic anemia:

Megaloblastic

Less Common Causes

Less common causes of

  • Combined Dieficiency (Tropical Sprue): Vitamin B12 & Folate.
  • Inherited DNA Synthesis Disorders: Deficient thiamine and factors (e.g. enzymes) responsible for folate metabolism.

Genetic Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Amobarbital sodium, Cycloserine, Cytarabine, Ethotoin, Folic acid antagonists (methotrexate), Pergolide, Purine antagonists (6-mercaptopurine), Pyrimidine antagonists (cytosine arabinoside), Phenobarbital, Pyrimethamine, Secobarbital sodium
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic Chronic liver diseases, diverticulosis, fistula, intestinal anastomosis, achlorhydria
Genetic Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Hematologic No underlying causes
Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Diphyllobothrium latum
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic Pregnancy
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order:

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources

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