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==Overview==
==Overview==
Secondary prevention of primary hyperparathyroidism includes monitoring for potential progression of disease in patients who do not undergo parathyroidectomy. There are guidelines for monitoring of patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism not undergoing parathyroidectomy.  
Secondary prevention of primary hyperparathyroidism includes monitoring for potential progression of disease in patients who do not undergo [[parathyroidectomy]]. There are guidelines for monitoring of patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism not undergoing [[parathyroidectomy]]. Effective measures for secondary prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism include maintain adequate [[nutrition]], proper intake of [[vitamin D]] and/or sufficient sunlight exposure, and adequate [[physical activity]].  Effective measures for secondary prevention of tertiary hyperparathyroidism include early detection and treatment of hyperparathyroidism by either calcimimetics or [[parathyroidectomy]].
==Prevention==
 
Secondary prevention of primary hyperparathyroidism includes monitoring for potential progression of disease in patients who do not undergo parathyroidectomy. There are guidelines for monitoring of patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism not undergoing parathyroidectomy. These guidelines include:<ref name="pmid25162665">{{cite journal| author=Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, Silverberg SJ, Udelsman R, Marcocci C et al.| title=Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2014 | volume= 99 | issue= 10 | pages= 3561-9 | pmid=25162665 | doi=10.1210/jc.2014-1413 | pmc=5393490 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25162665  }}</ref>
==Secondary Prevention==
*'''Serum calcium'''
* Secondary prevention of primary hyperparathyroidism includes monitoring for potential progression of disease in patients who do not undergo [[parathyroidectomy]]. There are guidelines for monitoring of patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism not undergoing [[parathyroidectomy]]. These guidelines include:<ref name="pmid25162665">{{cite journal| author=Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, Silverberg SJ, Udelsman R, Marcocci C et al.| title=Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop. | journal=J Clin Endocrinol Metab | year= 2014 | volume= 99 | issue= 10 | pages= 3561-9 | pmid=25162665 | doi=10.1210/jc.2014-1413 | pmc=5393490 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25162665  }}</ref>
**Serum [[calcium]] should be monitored annually.
**'''Serum calcium'''
*'''Skeletal monitoring'''
***Serum [[calcium]] should be monitored annually.
**[[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry]] ([[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|DEXA]]) is used for [[Skeleton|skeletal]] monitoring. [[DEXA scan|DEXA]] should be done every 1-2 years (at 3 sites).
**'''Skeletal monitoring'''
**X-ray or vertebral fracture assessment of [[spine]] may be done if indications are present such as height loss, and/or back pain.
***[[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry]] ([[Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry|DEXA]]) is used for [[Skeleton|skeletal]] monitoring. [[DEXA scan|DEXA]] should be done every 1-2 years (at 3 sites).
*'''Renal monitoring'''
***X-ray or [[vertebral fracture]] assessment of [[spine]] may be done if indications are present such as height loss, and/or [[back pain]].
**Estimated [[glomerular filtration rate]] (eGFR) and [[serum creatinine]] should be done annually.
**'''Renal monitoring'''
**24-hour [[biochemical]] [[Kidney stone|stone]] profile, [[Kidney|renal]] imaging by [[X-rays|x-ray]], [[ultrasound]], or [[CT scan]] may be considered if [[Kidney stone|renal stones]] are suspected.
***Estimated [[glomerular filtration rate]] (eGFR) and [[serum creatinine]] should be done annually.
***24-hour [[biochemical]] [[Kidney stone|stone]] profile, [[Kidney|renal]] imaging by [[X-rays|x-ray]], [[ultrasound]], or [[CT scan]] may be considered if [[Kidney stone|renal stones]] are suspected.
 
* Effective measures for secondary prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism include:
**Maintain adequate [[nutrition]]
**Proper intake of [[vitamin D]] and/or sufficient sunlight exposure
**Adequate [[physical activity]]
 
* Effective measures for secondary prevention of tertiary hyperparathyroidism include early detection and treatment of hyperparathyroidism by either calcimimetics or [[parathyroidectomy]].
 
==References==
==References==


{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Category:Needs content]]
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[[Category:Disease]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Parathyroid disorders]]
[[Category:Parathyroid disorders]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]

Latest revision as of 22:16, 29 July 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Overview

Secondary prevention of primary hyperparathyroidism includes monitoring for potential progression of disease in patients who do not undergo parathyroidectomy. There are guidelines for monitoring of patients with asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism not undergoing parathyroidectomy. Effective measures for secondary prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism include maintain adequate nutrition, proper intake of vitamin D and/or sufficient sunlight exposure, and adequate physical activity. Effective measures for secondary prevention of tertiary hyperparathyroidism include early detection and treatment of hyperparathyroidism by either calcimimetics or parathyroidectomy.

Secondary Prevention

  • Effective measures for secondary prevention of secondary hyperparathyroidism include:
  • Effective measures for secondary prevention of tertiary hyperparathyroidism include early detection and treatment of hyperparathyroidism by either calcimimetics or parathyroidectomy.

References

  1. Bilezikian JP, Brandi ML, Eastell R, Silverberg SJ, Udelsman R, Marcocci C; et al. (2014). "Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 99 (10): 3561–9. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1413. PMC 5393490. PMID 25162665.

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