Gynecomastia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

Gynecomastia may be classified into 11 classification syste,ms based on a total of 10 breast characteristics

  • Breast size
  • skin redundancy
  • skin elasticity
  • Breast ptosis
  • Tissue predominance
  • Upper Abdominal Laxity
  • Nipple malposition
  • Tuberosity
  • Chest shape and Absence of sternal notch
  • Breast Skin Elasticity

Classification

First Author Year Method of classification Classification system
Simon 1973 Physical
  • Grade 1: Small visible breast enlargement, no skin redundancy
  • Grade 2a: Moderate breast enlargement without skin redundancy
  • Grade 2b: Moderate breast enlargement with skin redundancy
  • Grade 3: Marked breast enlargement with marked skin redundancy
Rohrich 2003 Physical/Tissue type
  • Grade 1 : Minimal hyperteophy, (less than 250g of tissue) without ptosis
    • 1a : Primary glandular
    • 1b : Primarily fibrous
  • Grade 2 : moderate hypertrophy (250-500g of breast tissue) without ptosis
    • 2a : Primarily glandular
    • 2b : primarily fibrous
  • Grade 3 : Severe hypertrophy (>500g of breast tissue with grade 1 ptosis glandular or fibrou

The spectrum of gynecomastia severity has been categorized into a grading system:[1][2]

  • Grade I: Minor enlargement, no skin excess
  • Grade II: Moderate enlargement, no skin excess
  • Grade III: Moderate enlargement, skin excess
  • Grade IV: Marked enlargement, skin excess

References

  1. Wollina, U; Goldman, A (June 2011). "Minimally invasive esthetic procedures of the male breast". Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 10 (2): 150–155. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2011.00548.x. PMID 21649820.
  2. Simon BE, Hoffman S, Kahn S (1973). "Classification and surgical correction of gynecomastia". Plast Reconstr Surg. 51 (1): 48–52. PMID 4687568.

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