Goiter causes: Difference between revisions
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**Inherited defect(Familial goitre) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as: | **Inherited defect(Familial goitre) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as: | ||
***Enzymatic defect deficiency | ***Enzymatic defect deficiency | ||
***Dyshormonogenesis | ***[[Dyshormonogenesis]] | ||
*'''''Hormonal factors:''''' | *'''''Hormonal factors:''''' | ||
**Thyroid hormone dysfunction: | **Thyroid hormone dysfunction: | ||
***Hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormones) | ***[[Hyperthyroidism]] (overproduction of thyroid hormones) | ||
***Hypothyroidism (underproduction of thyroid hormones) | ***[[Hypothyroidism]] (underproduction of thyroid hormones) | ||
*'''''Dietary factors:''''' | *'''''Dietary factors:''''' | ||
**Dietary iodine deficiency | **Dietary iodine deficiency | ||
**Goitrogens (play a major role in endemic goitre) | **[[Goitrogens]] (play a major role in endemic goitre) | ||
*'''''Pharmacological factors:''''' | *'''''Pharmacological factors:''''' | ||
**Use of goitrogen drugs like para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), thiocyanate and antithyroid drugs [e.g. thiouracil, carbimazole] → hypothyroidism | **Use of [[goitrogen]] drugs like [[para-aminosalicylic acid]] (PAS), [[thiocyanate]] and [[antithyroid drugs]] [e.g. [[thiouracil]], [[carbimazole]]] → [[hypothyroidism]] | ||
*'''''Physiological factors:''''' | *'''''Physiological factors:''''' | ||
**Increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones e.g. during pregnancy or puberty → physiological goitre | **Increased metabolic demand of thyroid hormones e.g. during [[pregnancy]] or [[puberty]] → physiological goitre | ||
*'''''Environmental factors:''''' | *'''''Environmental factors:''''' | ||
**Exposure to radiations leading to: | **Exposure to radiations leading to: | ||
***Thyroid cancer | ***[[Thyroid cancer]] | ||
***Hypothyroidism | ***[[Hypothyroidism]] | ||
*'''''Pathological factors:''''' | *'''''Pathological factors:''''' | ||
**Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases | **Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases | ||
***Inflammatory goitres | ***Inflammatory goitres | ||
***Neoplastic goitres | ***[[Neoplastic goitres]] | ||
****Benign adenoma(follicular adenoma) | ****[[Benign adenoma]] (follicular adenoma) | ||
****Malignant | ****[[Malignant]] | ||
*****A.Primary: Well differentiated, Poorly differentiated, Arising from parafollicular cells | *****A.Primary: Well differentiated, Poorly differentiated, Arising from parafollicular cells | ||
*****B.Secondary | *****B.Secondary | ||
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===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Goiter may be caused by: | Goiter may be caused by: | ||
*Iodine deficiency | *[[Iodine deficiency]] | ||
*Grave's disease | *[[Grave's disease]] | ||
*Hashimoto's disease | *[[Hashimoto's disease]] | ||
===Less Common Causes=== | ===Less Common Causes=== | ||
Less common causes of Goiter include: | Less common causes of Goiter include: | ||
*Pregnancy | *[[Pregnancy]] | ||
*Radiation exposure | *[[Radiation exposure]] | ||
*Thyroid cancer | *[[Thyroid cancer]] | ||
*Multinodular goiter | *[[Multinodular goiter]] | ||
*Solitary thyroid | *[[Solitary thyroid nodule]]s | ||
===Genetic Causes=== | ===Genetic Causes=== | ||
*Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the following genes which vary from one family to the other: <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the following genes which vary from one family to the other: <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
:*Thyroglobulin (Tg) gene | :*[[Thyroglobulin]] (Tg) gene | ||
:*Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene | :*[[Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor]] ([[TSHR]]) gene | ||
:*Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene | :*[[Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene]] | ||
*Multinodular goitre marker 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Multinodular goitre marker]] 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 <ref name="pmid10821321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brix TH, Hegedüs L |title=Genetic and environmental factors in the aetiology of simple goitre |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=32 |issue=3 |pages=153–6 |year=2000 |pmid=10821321 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:58, 18 September 2017
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Various factors have been associated with the cause of goiter such as hereditary, hormonal, dietary, pharmacological, physiological, environmental and pathological factors. The most common causes being, iodine deficiency, grave's disease and hashimoto's disease. Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the genes such as the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene and the Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene.
Causes
- Factors associated with goiter can be classified as follows:-
- Hereditary factors
- Hormonal factors
- Dietary factors
- Pharmacological factors
- Physiological factors
- Environmental factors
- Pathological factors
- Hereditary factors:
- Inherited defect(Familial goitre) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
- Enzymatic defect deficiency
- Dyshormonogenesis
- Inherited defect(Familial goitre) of thyroid hormone synthesis such as:
- Hormonal factors:
- Thyroid hormone dysfunction:
- Hyperthyroidism (overproduction of thyroid hormones)
- Hypothyroidism (underproduction of thyroid hormones)
- Thyroid hormone dysfunction:
- Dietary factors:
- Dietary iodine deficiency
- Goitrogens (play a major role in endemic goitre)
- Pharmacological factors:
- Use of goitrogen drugs like para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), thiocyanate and antithyroid drugs [e.g. thiouracil, carbimazole] → hypothyroidism
- Physiological factors:
- Environmental factors:
- Exposure to radiations leading to:
- Pathological factors:
- Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases
- Inflammatory goitres
- Neoplastic goitres
- Benign adenoma (follicular adenoma)
- Malignant
- A.Primary: Well differentiated, Poorly differentiated, Arising from parafollicular cells
- B.Secondary
- Intrinsic thyroid gland diseases
Common Causes
Goiter may be caused by:
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of Goiter include:
Genetic Causes
- Goiter may be caused by a mutation in the following genes which vary from one family to the other: [1]
- Thyroglobulin (Tg) gene
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene
- Na+/I- symporter (NIS) gene
- Multinodular goitre marker 1 (MNG1) on chromosome 14 [1]