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{{Fungemia}}
{{Fungemia}}
{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}
==Overview==
==[[Fungemia overview|Overview]]==
'''Fungemia''' (also known as '''Candidemia''', '''Candedemia''', and '''Invasive Candidiasis''') is the presence of [[fungus|fungi]] or [[yeast]]s in the [[blood]]. It is most commonly seen in [[immunosuppressed]] or [[immunocompromised]] [[patient]]s with severe [[neutropenia]], [[oncology]] patients, or in patients with intravenous [[catheter]]s.  Recently, it has been suggested the otherwise immunocompetent patients taking [[infliximab]] may be at a higher risk for fungemia.


==Risk factors==
The two most important risk factors are:


# Use of [[broad-spectrum antibiotic]]s
# Colonization by fungi (see e.g. [[candidiasis]])


Other risk factors include:
==[[Fungemia historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==


* [[Dialysis]]
==[[Fungemia pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
* [[Diabetes]]
* Lowered intestinal flora
* Suppressed [[Immune system]]
* [[Central venous catheter]]
* High severity of illness
* Multiple [[abdominal]] [[surgery|surgeries]]
* Use of [[steroid]]s
* [[Burn (injury)|burn]]s


==Differential diagnosis of most common pathogens==
==[[Fungemia causes|Causes]]==
The most commonly known [[pathogen]] is ''[[Candida albicans]]'', causing roughly 70% of fungemias, followed by ''[[Candida glabrata]]'' with 10%, and ''[[Aspergillus]]'' with 1%.  However, the frequency of infection by ''T. glabrata'', ''[[Candida tropicalis]]'', ''[[Candida krusei|C. krusei]]'', and ''[[Candida parapsilosis|C. parapsilosis]]'' is increasing, especially when significant use of [[fluconazole]] is common.


==Signs and symptoms==
==[[Fungemia differential diagnosis|Differentiating Fungemia from other Diseases]]==
Symptoms can range from mild to extreme, often described as extreme [[flu]]-like symptoms. Pain, mental disorders, chronic [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]], [[infections]], are a few of the long list of associated symptoms with Fungemia.


==[[Fungemia epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
==[[Fungemia risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
==[[Fungemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
The [[diagnosis]] is complicated, as routine [[blood culture]]s have poor sensitivity.
[[Fungemia history and symptoms| History and Symptoms]] | [[Fungemia physical examination | Physical Examination]] | [[Fungemia laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]]| [[Fungemia other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Treatment involves use of [[antifungals]], e.g. [[fluconazole]] or [[amphotericin]].
[[Fungemia medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Fungemia primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Fungemia secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]]
== See also ==
==Case Studies==
[[Fungemia case study one|Case #1]]
==Related Chapters==
* [[Bacteremia]]
* [[Bacteremia]]
* [[Candidiasis]]
* [[Candidiasis]]
==External link==
==External link==
* [http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/surgery/trauma/egs/EGSProtocols/treatment%20of%20fungal%20infe.pdf Treatment of fungal infections]
* [http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/surgery/trauma/egs/EGSProtocols/treatment%20of%20fungal%20infe.pdf Treatment of fungal infections]
{{Intensive care medicine}}
{{Intensive care medicine}}


Revision as of 18:31, 7 December 2012

Fungemia Microchapters

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Overview

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Fungemia from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings| Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention

Case Studies

Case #1

Related Chapters

External link

[[Category:Disease}}

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