Esthesioneuroblastoma causes: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The cause of esthesioneuroblastoma has not been identified. However, the proposed sources of origin include autonomic ganglia in the nasal mucosa, sphenopalatine ganglion, ectodermal olfactory placode, and olfactory epithelium.
Genes involved in the pathogenesis of esthesioneuroblastoma include chromosomal gains in ''7q11'' and ''20q'' and deletions in ''2q'', ''5q'', ''6p'', ''6q'', and ''18q''.<ref name="pmid18408657">{{cite journal| author=Guled M, Myllykangas S, Frierson HF, Mills SE, Knuutila S, Stelow EB| title=Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of olfactory neuroblastoma. | journal=Mod Pathol | year= 2008 | volume= 21 | issue= 6 | pages= 770-8 | pmid=18408657 | doi=10.1038/modpathol.2008.57 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18408657  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15272537">{{cite journal| author=Mhawech P, Berczy M, Assaly M, Herrmann F, Bouzourene H, Allal AS et al.| title=Human achaete-scute homologue (hASH1) mRNA level as a diagnostic marker to distinguish esthesioneuroblastoma from poorly differentiated tumors arising in the sinonasal tract. | journal=Am J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 122 | issue= 1 | pages= 100-5 | pmid=15272537 | doi=10.1309/QD0K-9Q1J-BH6B-5GQQ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15272537  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8583243">{{cite journal| author=Carney ME, O'Reilly RC, Sholevar B, Buiakova OI, Lowry LD, Keane WM et al.| title=Expression of the human Achaete-scute 1 gene in olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma). | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 1995 | volume= 26 | issue= 1 | pages= 35-43 | pmid=8583243 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8583243  }} </ref>
 
==Causes==
==Causes==
The cause of esthesioblastoma is unknown and its exact cell of origin is controversial, however proposed sources of origin include the following:
*A tool called array comparative genomic hybridization was applied to the analysis of esthesioneuroblastomass. Although many alterations were identified by this study, [[chromosomal]] gains in ''7q11'' and ''20q'' and deletions in ''2q'', ''5q'', ''6p'', ''6q'', and ''18q'' have been confirmed by at least two other studies.
*Autonomic ganglia in the nasal mucosa
*Although still investigational, the demonstration of human achaete-scute homologue ''HASH1'' gene expression, could become the diagnostic procedure of choice. The ''HASH1'' [[gene]] is expressed in immature [[olfactory]] cells and is involved in olfactory neuronal differentiation; therefore, it could be useful in distinguishing esthesioneuroblastoma from other poorly differentiated small blue cell tumors.<ref name="pmid18408657">{{cite journal| author=Guled M, Myllykangas S, Frierson HF, Mills SE, Knuutila S, Stelow EB| title=Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of olfactory neuroblastoma. | journal=Mod Pathol | year= 2008 | volume= 21 | issue= 6 | pages= 770-8 | pmid=18408657 | doi=10.1038/modpathol.2008.57 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18408657  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15272537">{{cite journal| author=Mhawech P, Berczy M, Assaly M, Herrmann F, Bouzourene H, Allal AS et al.| title=Human achaete-scute homologue (hASH1) mRNA level as a diagnostic marker to distinguish esthesioneuroblastoma from poorly differentiated tumors arising in the sinonasal tract. | journal=Am J Clin Pathol | year= 2004 | volume= 122 | issue= 1 | pages= 100-5 | pmid=15272537 | doi=10.1309/QD0K-9Q1J-BH6B-5GQQ | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15272537  }} </ref><ref name="pmid8583243">{{cite journal| author=Carney ME, O'Reilly RC, Sholevar B, Buiakova OI, Lowry LD, Keane WM et al.| title=Expression of the human Achaete-scute 1 gene in olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma). | journal=J Neurooncol | year= 1995 | volume= 26 | issue= 1 | pages= 35-43 | pmid=8583243 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8583243  }} </ref>
*Sphenopalatine ganglion
 
*Ectodermal olfactory placode
*Olfactory epithelium
==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Central nervous system tumors}}


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[[Category:Rhinology]]
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Latest revision as of 22:23, 26 November 2017

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]

Overview

Genes involved in the pathogenesis of esthesioneuroblastoma include chromosomal gains in 7q11 and 20q and deletions in 2q, 5q, 6p, 6q, and 18q.[1][2][3]

Causes

  • A tool called array comparative genomic hybridization was applied to the analysis of esthesioneuroblastomass. Although many alterations were identified by this study, chromosomal gains in 7q11 and 20q and deletions in 2q, 5q, 6p, 6q, and 18q have been confirmed by at least two other studies.
  • Although still investigational, the demonstration of human achaete-scute homologue HASH1 gene expression, could become the diagnostic procedure of choice. The HASH1 gene is expressed in immature olfactory cells and is involved in olfactory neuronal differentiation; therefore, it could be useful in distinguishing esthesioneuroblastoma from other poorly differentiated small blue cell tumors.[1][2][3]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Guled M, Myllykangas S, Frierson HF, Mills SE, Knuutila S, Stelow EB (2008). "Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of olfactory neuroblastoma". Mod Pathol. 21 (6): 770–8. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2008.57. PMID 18408657.
  2. 2.0 2.1 Mhawech P, Berczy M, Assaly M, Herrmann F, Bouzourene H, Allal AS; et al. (2004). "Human achaete-scute homologue (hASH1) mRNA level as a diagnostic marker to distinguish esthesioneuroblastoma from poorly differentiated tumors arising in the sinonasal tract". Am J Clin Pathol. 122 (1): 100–5. doi:10.1309/QD0K-9Q1J-BH6B-5GQQ. PMID 15272537.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Carney ME, O'Reilly RC, Sholevar B, Buiakova OI, Lowry LD, Keane WM; et al. (1995). "Expression of the human Achaete-scute 1 gene in olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma)". J Neurooncol. 26 (1): 35–43. PMID 8583243.

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