Esophageal cancer staging

Esophageal cancer Microchapters
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Staging

The AJCC has designated staging by TNM classification to define cancer of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction

Primary Tumor

• TX:Primary tumor cannot be assessed

• T0:No evidence of primary tumor

• Tis:High-grade dysplasia

• T1:Tumor invades lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, or submucosa

• T1a:Tumor invades lamina propria or muscularis mucosae

• T1b:Tumor invades submucosa

• T2:Tumor invades muscularis propria

• T3:Tumor invades adventitia

• T4:Tumor invades adjacent structures

• T4a:Resectable tumor invading pleura, pericardium, or diaphragm

• T4b:Unresectable tumor invading other adjacent structures, such as aorta, vertebral body, trachea, etc.

Regional Lymph Nodes (N)

• NX:Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed

• N0:No regional lymph node metastasis

• N1:Metastases in 1–2 regional lymph nodes

• N2:Metastases in 3–6 regional lymph nodes

• N3:Metastases in ≥7 regional lymph nodes

Distant Metastasis (M)

• M0:No distant metastasis.

• M1:Distant metastasis

References

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