Esophageal cancer natural history, complications and prognosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: ;Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

The incidence of esophageal dysplasia turning malignant is very low, especially outside the United States. Complications of esophageal cancer include dysphagia, anemia, and tracheoesophageal fistula. This finding has caused some uncertainty as to the usefulness of screening. Esophageal cancer is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 20%.

Natural history

Complications

Complications can occur as a result of esophageal cancer or because of radiotherapeutic treatment.

Complications due to esophageal cancer

Complications due to radiotherapy

Prognosis

Prognosis is generally poor, and the 5-year survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer is approximately 20% for both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus.[3]

References

  1. Wang JW, Guan CT, Wang LL, Chang LY, Hao CQ, Li BY, Lu N, Wei WQ (2017). "Natural History Analysis of 101 Severe Dysplasia and Esophageal Carcinoma Cases by Endoscopy". Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2017: 9612854. doi:10.1155/2017/9612854. PMC 5390561. PMID 28465681.
  2. O'Rourke IC, Tiver K, Bull C, Gebski V, Langlands AO (1988). "Swallowing performance after radiation therapy for carcinoma of the esophagus". Cancer. 61 (10): 2022–6. PMID 2452006.
  3. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.


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