Esophageal cancer pathophysiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]

Overview

The pathophysiology of esophageal cancer depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

Pathology

Microscopic pathology

Squamous cell carcinoma

Atypical squamous cells with invasion through the basement membrane:

  • Cytology:
  • Nucleus - typical central
  • Mitoses may be present
  • Cytoplasm - "dense-appearing", typically eosinophilic (may be intensely eosinophilic)
  • Squamous whorls may be present[1]

Adenocarcinoma[2]

  • Invading cell clusters or glands
  • Cribriforming (more than rare) or desmoplasia or "deep" invasion (into submucosa)
  • Nuclear atypia of malignancy:
  • Size variation
  • Shape variation
  • Staining variation
  • Mitoses (common)

References

  1. "Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus".
  2. "Esophageal adenocarcinoma".


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