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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Other diagnostic studies for esophageal cancer include [[FDG-PET]] (positron emission tomography) scan and [[endoscopic ultrasound]] (EUS).
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| ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== |
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| ==Fludeoxyglucose Positive Emission Tomography==
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| [[FDG-PET]] (positron emission tomography) scan is also being used to estimate whether enlarged masses are metabolically active, indicating faster-growing cells that might be expected in cancer. Esophageal [[endoscopic ultrasound]] (EUS) can provide staging information regarding the level of tumor invasion, and possible spread to regional lymph nodes.<ref name="pmid23247658">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cheedella NK, Suzuki A, Xiao L, Hofstetter WL, Maru DM, Taketa T, Sudo K, Blum MA, Lin SH, Welch J, Lee JH, Bhutani MS, Rice DC, Vaporciyan AA, Swisher SG, Ajani JA |title=Association between clinical complete response and pathological complete response after preoperative chemoradiation in patients with gastroesophageal cancer: analysis in a large cohort |journal=Ann. Oncol. |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=1262–6 |year=2013 |pmid=23247658 |pmc=3629896 |doi=10.1093/annonc/mds617 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20876421">{{cite journal |vauthors=Monjazeb AM, Riedlinger G, Aklilu M, Geisinger KR, Mishra G, Isom S, Clark P, Levine EA, Blackstock AW |title=Outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer staged with [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET): can postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET predict the utility of resection? |journal=J. Clin. Oncol. |volume=28 |issue=31 |pages=4714–21 |year=2010 |pmid=20876421 |pmc=3020701 |doi=10.1200/JCO.2010.30.7702 |url=}}</ref<ref name="pmid23470576">{{cite journal |vauthors=Piessen G, Petyt G, Duhamel A, Mirabel X, Huglo D, Mariette C |title=Ineffectiveness of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the evaluation of tumor response after completion of neoadjuvant chemoradiation in esophageal cancer |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=258 |issue=1 |pages=66–76 |year=2013 |pmid=23470576 |doi=10.1097/SLA.0b013e31828676c4 |url=}}</ref>><ref name="pmid27569732">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arnett AL, Merrell KW, Macintosh EM, James SE, Nathan MA, Shen KR, Ravi K, Neben Wittich MA, Haddock MG, Hallemeier CL |title=Utility of 18F-FDG PET for Predicting Histopathologic Response in Esophageal Carcinoma following Chemoradiation |journal=J Thorac Oncol |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=121–128 |year=2017 |pmid=27569732 |doi=10.1016/j.jtho.2016.08.136 |url=}}</ref>
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| ==Esophageal Ultrasound==
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| EUS is the most accurate investigation for regional staging of esophageal cancer. It is capable of correctly staging T and N stagesin 90% of patients.<ref name="pmid24835402">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lee WC, Lee TH, Jang JY, Lee JS, Cho JY, Lee JS, Jeon SR, Kim HG, Kim JO, Cho YK |title=Staging accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound performed by nonexpert endosonographers in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: is it possible? |journal=Dis. Esophagus |volume=28 |issue=6 |pages=574–8 |year=2015 |pmid=24835402 |doi=10.1111/dote.12235 |url=}}</ref>
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| [[Image:mid_esophageal_mass.jpg|thumb|center|500px|By Samir at the English language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3231456]]
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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