Esophageal cancer diagnostic study of choice

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

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Diagnostic Study of Choice

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Overview

Esophageal cancer is best diagnosed using an endoscope to visualize the esophageal lesion, followed by a biopsy to confirm the diagnosis. These are performed in the same sitting.

Diagnostic Study of Choice

Gold standard/Study of choice:

The comparison table for diagnostic studies of choice for esophageal cancer

  • Studies have found that the greater the number of biopsies taken (up to seven), the higher the diagnostic accuracy. The addition of brush cytology specimens to seven biopsies increased the accuracy to 100%.[3]
Sensitivity Specificity
One Endoscopic biopsy 90% 95%
Four Endosopic biopsies 95% 97%
Seven Endoscopic biopsies 98% 99%
With Cytology 100% 100%

Diagnostic results

The following result of endoscopic biopsy is confirmatory of esophageal cancer:

Sequence of Diagnostic Studies

Diagnostic Criteria

  • There is no particular established diagnostic criteria for esophageal cancer.
  • Diagnosis is based upon history, symptoms and endoscopic biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

References

  1. Lightdale CJ (1999). "Esophageal cancer. American College of Gastroenterology". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 94 (1): 20–9. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.00767.x. PMID 9934727.
  2. Yendamuri S, Swisher SG, Correa AM, Hofstetter W, Ajani JA, Francis A, Maru D, Mehran RJ, Rice DC, Roth JA, Walsh GL, Vaporciyan AA (2009). "Esophageal tumor length is independently associated with long-term survival". Cancer. 115 (3): 508–16. doi:10.1002/cncr.24062. PMID 19117343.
  3. Graham DY, Schwartz JT, Cain GD, Gyorkey F (1982). "Prospective evaluation of biopsy number in the diagnosis of esophageal and gastric carcinoma". Gastroenterology. 82 (2): 228–31. PMID 7054024.


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