Epidural abscess causes: Difference between revisions

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===Common Causes===
===Common Causes===
Although some causing organisms might be responsible for either type of epidural abscesses, others are more common of one of those. Therefore, it is important to specify the more common causes of each epidural abscess, in order for the physician to start proper therapy as daly as possible.
====Intracranial Epidural Abscess====
====Spinal Epidural Abscess====


==Causes by Organ System==
==Causes by Organ System==

Revision as of 18:46, 20 March 2014

Epidural abscess Microchapters

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Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Epidural abscess from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

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Laboratory Findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

An epidural abscess is a rare suppurative infection of the central nervous system, a collection of pus localised in the epidural space lying outside the dura mater. It may occur in two different places: intracranially or in the spinal canal. According to the region of infection, some causing organisms will be shared by both types of abscess, however, others will be different, mainly because of the risk factors involved in that particular area and the mechanisms of infection.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Subdural empyema is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. Life-threatening conditions may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Although some causing organisms might be responsible for either type of epidural abscesses, others are more common of one of those. Therefore, it is important to specify the more common causes of each epidural abscess, in order for the physician to start proper therapy as daly as possible.

Intracranial Epidural Abscess

Spinal Epidural Abscess

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic Coagulase-negative staphylococci, MRSA, Propionibacterium, Sporothrix, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis
Drug Side Effect No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat Mastoiditis, Otitis, Peptostreptococcus species, Sinusitis
Endocrine No underlying causes
Environmental Expanded polytetrafluethylene
Gastroenterologic Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, Dracunculus, Echinococcus, Escherichia coli
Genetic No underlying causes
Hematologic Bloodstream infections
Iatrogenic Anesthetic procedures, Back surgery, Craniotomy, Epidural analgesia, Epidural catheter, Neurosurgery, Recent neurosurgery, Scalp venous catheter, Spinal surgery
Infectious Disease Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, Anaerobes, Anaerobic streptococci, Bloodstream infections, Bone infections, Candida, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Dracunculus, Echinococcus, Escherichia coli, Fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive bacilli, Mastoiditis, Microaerophilic organisms, MRSA, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Osteomyelitis of the skull, Osteomyelitis, Otitis, Parasites, Peptostreptococcus species, Propionibacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyogenic infectious discitis, Sinusitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococci
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic Bone infections, Osteomyelitis of the skull, Osteomyelitis, Pyogenic infectious discitis
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic No underlying causes
Oncologic No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Aspergillus species, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Renal/Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy No underlying causes
Sexual Candida
Trauma Head injury, Sporothrix, Trauma
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Aerobic gram-negative bacilli, Anaerobes, Anaerobic streptococci, Aspergillus species, Bloodstream infections, Candida, Coagulase-negative staphylococci, Dracunculus, Echinococcus, Escherichia coli, Fungi, Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-negative rods, Gram-positive bacilli, Microaerophilic organisms, MRSA, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Osteomyelitis of the skull, Osteomyelitis, Parasites, Peptostreptococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyogenic infectious discitis, Sporothrix, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococci

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References