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==Other Investigational Tests==
==Overview==
Other diagnostic tests for endocarditis include abdominal [[CT]], abdominal [[MRI]], and brain [[MRI]].
==Other Imaging Findings==
==Abdominal CT/MRI==
===Abdominal CT/MRI===


Abdominal CT scan is ordered in patients with acute [[abdominal pain]] or [[pain]] radiating to the back or left upper quadrant to detect splenic [[abscess]] or complicated splenic [[infarction]]. Abdominal CT and MRI appear to be the best tests for diagnosing splenic [[abscess]], with both sensitivities and specificities ranging from 90% to 95%.<ref name="Baddour-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Baddour | first1 = LM. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = WR. | last3 = Bayer | first3 = AS. | last4 = Fowler | first4 = VG. | last5 = Bolger | first5 = AF. | last6 = Levison | first6 = ME. | last7 = Ferrieri | first7 = P. | last8 = Gerber | first8 = MA. | last9 = Tani | first9 = LY. | title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 23 | pages = e394-434 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | PMID = 15956145 }}</ref>
* Abdominal CT scan is ordered in patients with acute [[abdominal pain]] or [[pain]] radiating to the back or left upper quadrant to detect splenic [[abscess]] or complicated splenic [[infarction]].  
* Abdominal CT and MRI appear to be the best tests for diagnosing splenic [[abscess]], with both sensitivities and specificities ranging from 90% to 95%.<ref name="Baddour-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Baddour | first1 = LM. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = WR. | last3 = Bayer | first3 = AS. | last4 = Fowler | first4 = VG. | last5 = Bolger | first5 = AF. | last6 = Levison | first6 = ME. | last7 = Ferrieri | first7 = P. | last8 = Gerber | first8 = MA. | last9 = Tani | first9 = LY. | title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 23 | pages = e394-434 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | PMID = 15956145 }}</ref>


==Brain MRI/MRA==
===Brain MRI/MRA===


MRI can be used to detect acute septic embolization in acute infective endocaditis.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Duval | first1 = X. | last2 = Iung | first2 = B. | last3 = Klein | first3 = I. | last4 = Brochet | first4 = E. | last5 = Thabut | first5 = G. | last6 = Arnoult | first6 = F. | last7 = Lepage | first7 = L. | last8 = Laissy | first8 = JP. | last9 = Wolff | first9 = M. | title = Effect of early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in infective endocarditis: a prospective study. | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 152 | issue = 8 | pages = 497-504, W175 | month = Apr | year = 2010 | doi = 10.7326/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-00006 | PMID = 20404380 }}</ref>
* MRI can be used to detect acute septic embolization in acute infective endocaditis.<ref>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Duval | first1 = X. | last2 = Iung | first2 = B. | last3 = Klein | first3 = I. | last4 = Brochet | first4 = E. | last5 = Thabut | first5 = G. | last6 = Arnoult | first6 = F. | last7 = Lepage | first7 = L. | last8 = Laissy | first8 = JP. | last9 = Wolff | first9 = M. | title = Effect of early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in infective endocarditis: a prospective study. | journal = Ann Intern Med | volume = 152 | issue = 8 | pages = 497-504, W175 | month = Apr | year = 2010 | doi = 10.7326/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-00006 | PMID = 20404380 }}</ref>
Also both brain MRI/MRA and brain CT/CTA may be used in the detection and monitoring of intracranial aneurysms.<ref name="Baddour-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Baddour | first1 = LM. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = WR. | last3 = Bayer |first3 = AS. | last4 = Fowler | first4 = VG. | last5 = Bolger | first5 = AF. | last6 = Levison | first6 = ME. | last7 = Ferrieri | first7 = P. |last8 = Gerber | first8 = MA. | last9 = Tani | first9 = LY. | title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 23 | pages = e394-434 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | PMID = 15956145 }}</ref>
* Also both brain MRI/MRA and brain CT/CTA may be used in the detection and monitoring of intracranial aneurysms.<ref name="Baddour-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Baddour | first1 = LM. | last2 = Wilson | first2 = WR. | last3 = Bayer |first3 = AS. | last4 = Fowler | first4 = VG. | last5 = Bolger | first5 = AF. | last6 = Levison | first6 = ME. | last7 = Ferrieri | first7 = P. |last8 = Gerber | first8 = MA. | last9 = Tani | first9 = LY. | title = Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal = Circulation | volume = 111 | issue = 23 | pages = e394-434 | month = Jun | year = 2005 | doi = 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564 | PMID = 15956145 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 18:05, 6 January 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ahmed Zaghw, M.D. [2] Maliha Shakil, M.D. [3]

Overview

Other Imaging Findings

Abdominal CT/MRI

  • Abdominal CT scan is ordered in patients with acute abdominal pain or pain radiating to the back or left upper quadrant to detect splenic abscess or complicated splenic infarction.
  • Abdominal CT and MRI appear to be the best tests for diagnosing splenic abscess, with both sensitivities and specificities ranging from 90% to 95%.[1]

Brain MRI/MRA

  • MRI can be used to detect acute septic embolization in acute infective endocaditis.[2]
  • Also both brain MRI/MRA and brain CT/CTA may be used in the detection and monitoring of intracranial aneurysms.[1]

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Baddour, LM.; Wilson, WR.; Bayer, AS.; Fowler, VG.; Bolger, AF.; Levison, ME.; Ferrieri, P.; Gerber, MA.; Tani, LY. (2005). "Infective endocarditis: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke, and Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, American Heart Association: endorsed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Circulation. 111 (23): e394–434. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.165564. PMID 15956145. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. Duval, X.; Iung, B.; Klein, I.; Brochet, E.; Thabut, G.; Arnoult, F.; Lepage, L.; Laissy, JP.; Wolff, M. (2010). "Effect of early cerebral magnetic resonance imaging on clinical decisions in infective endocarditis: a prospective study". Ann Intern Med. 152 (8): 497–504, W175. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-152-8-201004200-00006. PMID 20404380. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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