Endocarditis classification: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 16:17, 30 December 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Maliha Shakil, M.D. [2]

Overview

Endocarditis may be classified based on the underlying pathophysiology of the process (infective vs. non-infective), the onset of the disease (acute vs. subacute or short incubation vs. long incubation), results of the cultures (culture positive vs. culture negative), the nature of the valve (native vs. prosthetic) and the valve affected (aortic, mitral, or tricuspid valve).

Classification

Endocarditis may be classified according to underlying pathophysiology into 2 groups:

Infective Endocarditis vs. Non-Infective Endocarditis

Endocarditis may be classified according to onset of the disease into 2 groups:

Short Incubation vs. Long Incubation

Endocarditis may be classified according to culture result into 2 groups:

Culture Positive vs. Culture Negative

Endocarditis may be classified according to the nature of the valve into 2 groups:

Native Valve Endocarditis vs. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

References

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 ==Classification==
-endocarditis may be classified into 4 subtypes based on:
+Endocarditis may be classified according to underlying pathophysiology into 2 groups:
 * Infective Endocarditis vs. Non-Infective Endocarditis
-**Infectious endocarditis is due to bacterial infection but other organisms may also be responsible.
-**[[Endothelium]] valve damage improves the ability of [[bacteria]] to bind to the valve surface.
+Endocarditis may be classified according to onset of the disease into 2 groups:
-**Non-infective or marantic endocarditis is a rare condition.
-**[[Libman-Sacks endocarditis]] is a form of sterile [[endocarditis]], which mostly happens in [[systemic lupus erythematosus]] and [[antiphospholipid syndrome]] patients.
-**Non-infective endocarditis may also occur in patients with [[cancer]], particularly mucinous [[adenocarcinoma]] in the setting of Trousseau syndrome.
 * Short Incubation vs. Long Incubation
-**Traditionally, infective endocarditis has been clinically divided into [[acute]] and [[subacute]] endocarditis. This classifies both the rate of progression and severity of disease.
-**Subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE) is often due to [[streptococci]] of low virulence and  is a mild to moderate illness which progresses slowly over weeks and months.
+Endocarditis may be classified according to culture result into 2 groups:
-**Acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE) is a fulminant illness that progresses rapidly over days to weeks and is more likely to be due to ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'', which has much greater virulence.
-**The terms short incubation (<6 weeks) and long incubation (>6 weeks) are preferred.
 * Culture Positive vs. Culture Negative
-**Infective endocarditis may also be classified as culture-positive or culture-negative.
-**Culture-negative endocarditis is due to micro-organisms that require a longer period of time to be identified in the laboratory. Such organisms are said to be [[Growth medium|fastidious]] because they have demanding growth requirements.
+Endocarditis may be classified according to the nature of the valve into 2 groups:
-**Some pathogens responsible for culture-negative endocarditis include ''[[Aspergillus]]'' species, ''[[Brucella]]'' species, ''[[Coxiella burnetii]]'', ''[[Chlamydia]]'' species, and [[HACEK organism|HACEK bacteria]].
 * Native Valve Endocarditis vs. Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis
-**The distinction between native-valve endocarditis and prosthetic-valve endocarditis is clinically important.
-**Prosthetic-valve endocarditis constitutes 10-20% of cases of endocarditis.
-**The greatest risk is during the first 6 months after valve surgery.
-**''[[Staphylococcus epidermidis]]'' is the most common cause of prosthetic-valve endocarditis.
 ==References==

Endocarditis classification: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 16:17, 30 December 2019

Overview

Classification

References

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