Diabetes mellitus type 2 epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
Epidemiology
Prevalence
In 2011, about 336 million people had type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. This is approximately 5,000 per 100,000. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the U.S is estimated at 7000 to 9,300 per 100,000[1]. Approximately 20% of the population over age 65 have type 2 DM.
Incidence
In the United States, approximately 4100 people are diagnosed with diabetes. 90-95% of these are type 2 diabetes diagnoses.[2]
Demographics
Age
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is approximately 20% among people older than 65 years old, compared to a prevalence of approximately 5% in the general population.
Gender
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent in males than females with a ratio of 1.1:1.
Race
In the United States, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is highest among American Indians and Alaska Natives, followed by non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans. The lowest incidence of diabetes in the United States is among the non-Hispanic whites[3][1].
Socioeconomic Status
The prevalence of type 2 DM is higher among those with low socioeconomic status. Approximately 75% of patients with diabetes live in low to middle income countries.
Geographic Distribution
The global distribution of diabetes mellitus is reported by the international diabetes foundation. While prevalence of type 2 diabetes is not specifically reported, they do report that the vast majority of diabetes cases are type 2. Additionally, the IDF reports the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance which alludes to the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.
| Region | Prevalence of Diabetes (per 100,000) | Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance (per 100,000) |
|---|---|---|
| Africa | 3200 | 7900 |
| Europe | 9100 | 4800 |
| Middle East and North Africa | 9100 | 7800 |
| North America and Caribbean | 12900 | 15000 |
| South and Central America | 9400 | 7900 |
| Southeast Asia | 8500 | 4600 |
| Western Pacific | 9300 | 6200 |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Diabetes Statistics Report 2014 http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/statsreport14/national-diabetes-report-web.pdf. Accessed on Nov 19, 2016
- ↑ Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Shaw, J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001, 414, 782-787.
- ↑ Selvin E, Parrinello CM, Sacks DB, Coresh J (2014). "Trends in prevalence and control of diabetes in the United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2010". Ann. Intern. Med. 160 (8): 517–25. doi:10.7326/M13-2411. PMC 4442608. PMID 24733192.