Diabetes mellitus type 1 epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Devarkonda, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Epidemiology and demographics of type 1 diabetes mellitus varies with geography, age, race and genetic susceptibility.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus varies with geography, age, race, and genetic susceptibility.
- Epidemiology and demographics of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children:[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
- At a rate of 3-5% each year since 1960, the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing among children for not fully understood etiologies.[11] Although it can be interpreted that environmental factors could be at least partially responsible, since genetic factors can not intervene in such a short time.[12]
- In one study, incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in youth of the United States reported 24.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.3-25.3).[13]
Factors affecting the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus | Relationship between factors and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus | Epidemiology |
---|---|---|
Geography | Incidence increases with increase in distance from equator | Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus per 100,000 persons a year
0.1 to 0.5 per 100,000 persons in Venezula and parts of China 37 to 65 in Finland and Sardinia 23.6 per 100,000 per year in non-Hispanic white children and adolescents 36 per 100,000 per year in Newfoundland, Canada |
Gender | Gender doesn't affect the overall incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus | The prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus doesn't vary with gender. |
Genetic susceptibility | There is increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus in close relatives of a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus | Lifetime risk of developing Type 1 DM
●No family history – 0.4 percent ●Offspring of an affected mother – 1 to 4 percent ●Offspring of an affected father – 3 to 8 percent ●Offspring with both parents affected – reported as high as 30 percent ●Non-twin sibling of affected patient – 3 to 6 percent ●Dizygotic twin – 8 percent ●Monozygotic twin – 30 percent within 10 years of diagnosis of the first twin, and 65 percent concordance by age 60 years |
Race | Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus varies from race to race | Non-Hispanic white youth-2.55 ases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old
African American- 1.62 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old Hispanic-1.29 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old Asian-Pacific Islanders-0.6 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old American Indians-0.35 cases per 1,000 children 0 to 19 years old, respectively) |
Prevalence
- Type 1 diabetes affects ~15-30 million people globally.[1]
- In 2012, Ada estimated the prevalence of type 1 DM in american children and adults at 1.25 million.[2]
- 5.6% of american adults diagnosed with diabetes mellitus have type 1 DM.[14]
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
- The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].
Age
- Bimodal distribution, with one peak at four to six years of age and a second between 10 to 14 years of age.
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- In one study done on young population of the united states, type 1 diabetes mellitus were reported more frequent among non-Hispanic white, Hispanic and African Americans.[13]
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- A study done on Gomel city population with radiation exposure after the Chernobyl incident demonstrated increased incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus.[15]
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "JDRF".
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "ADA".
- ↑ http://www.diapedia.org/type-1-diabetes-mellitus/2104085168/epidemiology-of-type-1-diabetes
- ↑ https://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/attachments/DV_56-SI2.pdf
- ↑ Silink M. Childhood diabetes: a global perspective. Horm Res 2002; 57 Suppl 1:1.
- ↑ Harjutsalo V, Sund R, Knip M, Groop PH. Incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finland. JAMA 2013; 310:427.
- ↑ Bell RA, Mayer-Davis EJ, Beyer JW, et al. Diabetes in non-Hispanic white youth: prevalence, incidence, and clinical characteristics: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care 2009; 32 Suppl 2:S102.
- ↑ Dabelea D, Mayer-Davis EJ, Saydah S, et al. Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009. JAMA 2014; 311:1778.
- ↑ Harjutsalo V, Sjöberg L, Tuomilehto J. Time trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Finnish children: a cohort study. Lancet 2008; 371:1777.
- ↑ Tillil H, Köbberling J. Age-corrected empirical genetic risk estimates for first-degree relatives of IDDM patients. Diabetes 1987; 36:93.
- ↑ Krzewska, Aleksandra; Ben-Skowronek, Iwona (2016). "Effect of Associated Autoimmune Diseases on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence and Metabolic Control in Children and Adolescents". BioMed Research International. 2016: 1–12. doi:10.1155/2016/6219730. ISSN 2314-6133.
- ↑ Knip, Mikael; Siljander, Heli (2016). "The role of the intestinal microbiota in type 1 diabetes mellitus". Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 12 (3): 154–167. doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.218. ISSN 1759-5029.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Writing Group for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group. Dabelea D, Bell RA, D'Agostino RB, Imperatore G, Johansen JM; et al. (2007). "Incidence of diabetes in youth in the United States". JAMA. 297 (24): 2716–24. doi:10.1001/jama.297.24.2716. PMID 17595272.
- ↑ Xu, Guifeng; Liu, Buyun; Sun, Yangbo; Du, Yang; Snetselaar, Linda G; Hu, Frank B; Bao, Wei (2018). "Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: population based study". BMJ: k1497. doi:10.1136/bmj.k1497. ISSN 0959-8138.
- ↑ Zalutskaya, A.; Mokhort, T.; Garmaev, D.; Bornstein, S. R. (2004). "Did the Chernobyl incident cause an increase in Type 1 diabetes mellitus incidence in children and adolescents?". Diabetologia. 47 (1): 147–148. doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1271-9. ISSN 0012-186X.