Cyanosis history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chandrakala Yannam, MD [2]

Overview

The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

History and Symptoms

• The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

• The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
• Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. 

History

• Timing of onset of cyanosis
  • congenital: Onset of cyanosis in early neonatal period is suggestive of congenital etiology (eg, congenital heat diseases with right to left shunts, congenital airway anomalies).
  • Acquired: Recent onset is suggestive of acquired etiology (eg, pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, asthma, cardiac failure).
• Exposures:
  • History of smoke inhalation and asphyxiating gases.
  • History of exposure to low oxygen environments (eg, carbon monoxide poisoning, hydrogen cyanide poisoning).
• History of trauma:
  • Motor vehicle collisions
  • External chest compression
  • History of trauma to upper airway and chest wall (eg, Flail chest, upper airway fractures, pneumothorax, hemothorax).
• History of prior lung disease:
  • Exacerbation of pre-existing lung diseases (eg, Asthma, COPD, interstitial lung diseases) can cause respiratory distress and lead to cyanosis.
• History of congenital heart diseases:
  • Left-side obstructive lesions (eg, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta)
  • Right-sided obstructive lesions (eg, Tetralogy of Fallot, pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, critical pulmonary stenosis, tricuspid atresia, Ebstein's anomaly)
  • Transposition of the great arteries
  • Truncus arteriosus
  • Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection

• History of neurologic disease:
  • Any neurologic condition that results in respiratory distress can cause cyanosis (eg, seizures, central nervous system lesions, cyanotic breath holding spells and neuromuscular disorders).
• History of medications:
  • Drugs causing methemoglobinemia (eg, Dapsone, nitrates, nitroglycerin, local anesthetics, chloroquine, anilines and aniline dyes.)
  • Drugs causing sulfhemoglobinemia (eg, sulfonamides, metoclopramide)
  • Amiodarone
  • Beta blockers
  • Silver
• History of fever
  • Fever may be present in infectious causes of cyanosis secondary to upper airway obstruction (eg, croup), lower airway disease (eg, pneumonia, empyema), and septic shock.
• Current or frequent exposure to cold

Patients with [disease name]] may have a positive history of:

• [History finding 1]
• [History finding 2
• [History finding 3]

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of [disease] includ

• [Symptom 1]
• [Symptom 2]
• [Symptom 3]

Less Common Symptoms

Less common symptoms of [disease name] include

• [Symptom 1]
• [Symptom 2]
• [Symptom 3]