Constipation ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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=== Endoanal ultrasonography === | === Endoanal ultrasonography === | ||
Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases | Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases causing constipation, particularly [[sphincter]] [[Pathology|pathologies]]. Findings on an [[ultrasound]] suggestive of [[sphincter]] disorders include: | ||
*Decline in thickness of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]] | *Decline in thickness of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]] | ||
*Decline in depth of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]] | *Decline in depth of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]] | ||
| Line 16: | Line 16: | ||
=== Starck scoring system === | === Starck scoring system === | ||
* Endoanal [[ultrasound]] findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]].<ref name="pmid22595581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L |title=Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=956–63 |year=2012 |pmid=22595581 |doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051 |url=}}</ref> | * Endoanal [[ultrasound]] findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the [[Sphincter recti|sphincter muscle]].<ref name="pmid22595581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L |title=Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries |journal=J. Pediatr. Surg. |volume=47 |issue=5 |pages=956–63 |year=2012 |pmid=22595581 |doi=10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051 |url=}}</ref> | ||
{| | {| | ||
! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Defect | ! rowspan="2" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Defect | ||
! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Score | ! colspan="4" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Score | ||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |>180° | | style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + |>180° | ||
|} | |} | ||
* Starck scoring system is used for both [[Internal anal sphincter|internal]] and [[External anal sphincter|external anal sphincters]] | * Starck scoring system is used for both [[Internal anal sphincter|internal]] and [[External anal sphincter|external anal sphincters]] and ranges from 0-16 points. | ||
* The [[sphincter]] abnormality is graded | * The [[sphincter]] abnormality is graded on the basis of points into following categories:<ref name="StarckBohe2003">{{cite journal|last1=Starck|first1=M.|last2=Bohe|first2=M.|last3=Valentin|first3=L.|title=Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2-7 days after primary repair of third- or fourth-degree obstetric sphincter tears|journal=Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology|volume=22|issue=6|year=2003|pages=609–615|issn=09607692|doi=10.1002/uog.920}}</ref> | ||
** Score of 1-4 | ** Small: Score of 1-4 | ||
** Score of 5-7 | ** Moderate: Score of 5-7 | ||
** Score of 8-16 | ** Large: Score of 8-16 | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 15:09, 10 January 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]
Overview
Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases causing constipation, particularly sphincter pathologies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of sphincter disorders are decline in thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscle. Endoanal ultrasound findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscles. The sphincter abnormality is classified as small (score of 1-4), moderate (score of 5-7), or large (score of 8-16).
Ultrasound
Endoanal ultrasonography
Endoanal ultrasound may be helpful for diagnosing underlying diseases causing constipation, particularly sphincter pathologies. Findings on an ultrasound suggestive of sphincter disorders include:
- Decline in thickness of the sphincter muscle
- Decline in depth of the sphincter muscle
- Decline in size of the sphincter muscle
Starck scoring system
- Endoanal ultrasound findings are scored through Starck scoring system, based on thickness, depth, and size of the sphincter muscle.[1]
| Defect | Score | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | |
| Length of defect | None | ≤1/2 | >1/2 | Whole |
| Depth of defect | None | Partial | Total | – |
| Size of defect | None | ≤90° | 91°-180° | >180° |
- Starck scoring system is used for both internal and external anal sphincters and ranges from 0-16 points.
- The sphincter abnormality is graded on the basis of points into following categories:[2]
- Small: Score of 1-4
- Moderate: Score of 5-7
- Large: Score of 8-16
References
- ↑ Caldaro T, Romeo E, De Angelis P, Gambitta RA, Rea F, Torroni F, Foschia F, di Abriola GF, Dall'Oglio L (2012). "Three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound and anorectal manometry in children with anorectal malformations: new discoveries". J. Pediatr. Surg. 47 (5): 956–63. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.01.051. PMID 22595581.
- ↑ Starck, M.; Bohe, M.; Valentin, L. (2003). "Results of endosonographic imaging of the anal sphincter 2-7 days after primary repair of third- or fourth-degree obstetric sphincter tears". Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 22 (6): 609–615. doi:10.1002/uog.920. ISSN 0960-7692.