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[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Signs and symptoms]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Psychiatry]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]
[[Category:Intensive care medicine]]

Latest revision as of 19:51, 2 June 2015

Confusion Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Confusion from other Symptoms

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Electrocardiogram

Chest X Ray

CT

MRI

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Overview

Several laboratory tests are available for evaluating confusion. It is a physician's role to choose the most useful test based upon the history of the person. For example, a patient presenting with confusion, severe neck stiffness, headaches, and fever should be evaluated for infective foci.

Laboratory Findings

  • A large number of tests are needed in patients that present with confusion. Most of the tests are to determine the cause of confusion. A careful history can reduce the burden of unnecessary tests.
  • Routine blood tests include a CBC to assess the general condition of the patient.
  • Blood for toxins and drugs.
  • Urine analysis and culture.
  • Blood culture if infectious cause has to be evaluated.
  • Blood gas analysis if any metabolic derangements are suspected.
  • Vitamin assays and cholesterol levels may indicate nutritional status.
  • Renal function tests and liver function tests are useful if they are the cause of confusion.
  • Assessments of hormone levels may be useful especially thyroid.

References

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