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{{Cardiac amyloidosis}}
{{Cardiac amyloidosis}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}; {{AN}}
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{RT}}; {{AN}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
New therapies targeting the serum amyloid protein (SAP), which is an excellent immunogen and a universal component of all amyloid deposits, using monoclonal antibodies are currently being investigated.  
Several investigational products targeting ATTR amyloid are being studied in clinical trials. These include small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules which reduce the production of the amyloid precursor misfolded protein and ATTR stabilization molecules.
 
==Future or Investigational Therapies==
Potential future treatment options targeting cardiac TTR amyloidosis include:
 
=== Patisiran: ===
 
*This is a siRNA molecule which has shown promise in patients with polyneuropathy from hereditary TTR amyloidosis. A cardiac subgroup study showed favorable biomarker results as well.<ref name="pmid30480471">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kristen AV, Ajroud-Driss S, Conceição I, Gorevic P, Kyriakides T, Obici L |title=Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis |journal=Neurodegener Dis Manag |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=5–23 |date=February 2019 |pmid=30480471 |doi=10.2217/nmt-2018-0033 |url=}}</ref>


==Future and Investigational Therapies==
=== AG10 ===
Possible future treatment options which are currently being investigated include:
* Anti-SAP antibody
* CPHPC


CPHPC, also called R-1-[6-[R-2-carboxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl]-6-oxo-hexanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, is a competitive inhibitor of SAP binding to amyloid fibrils. CPHPC is a [[proline]]-derived small palindromic molecule able to strip amyloid P (AP) from deposits by reducing levels of circulating [[serum amyloid protein]] (SAP). It also crosslinks and dimerizes SAP, which is cleared rapidly by the [[liver]]. The SAP-amyloid association has also been identified as a possible drug target for anti-amyloid therapy, with the recent development and first stage clinical trials of CPHPC for [[amyloidosis]].<ref name="pmid12015594">{{cite journal| author = Pepys MB, Herbert J, Hutchinson WL, Tennent GA, Lachmann HJ, Gallimore JR, Lovat LB, Bartfai T, Alanine A, Hertel C, Hoffmann T, Jakob-Roetne R, Norcross RD, Kemp JA, Yamamura K, Suzuki M, Taylor GW, Murray S, Thompson D, Purvis A, Kolstoe S, Wood SP, Hawkins PN | title = Targeted pharmacological depletion of serum amyloid P component for treatment of human amyloidosis | journal = Nature | volume = 417 | issue = 6886 | pages = 254–9 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12015594 | doi = 10.1038/417254a }}</ref>
*AG10 is a selective, oral TTR stabilizer which mimics a protective TTR mutation known as T119M. In a phase 2 clinical trial, AG10 was found to be safe and effective. This trial randomized 49 patients with mutant or wild-type TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy with NYHA class II to III heart failure symptoms to AG10 400 mg, 800 mg, or placebo twice daily for 28 days, and found the medication to be well tolerated and to achieve near-complete stabilization of TTR.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109719339208?via%3Dihub|title=Transthyretin Stabilization by AG10 in Symptomatic Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy|last=Judge|first=Daniel P.|date=10/29/2019|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> A phase 3 trial (ATTRIBUTE-CM) is ongoing (NCT03458130).


==References==
==References==
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Latest revision as of 20:18, 6 March 2020

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]; Aarti Narayan, M.B.B.S [3]

Overview

Several investigational products targeting ATTR amyloid are being studied in clinical trials. These include small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules which reduce the production of the amyloid precursor misfolded protein and ATTR stabilization molecules.

Future or Investigational Therapies

Potential future treatment options targeting cardiac TTR amyloidosis include:

Patisiran:

  • This is a siRNA molecule which has shown promise in patients with polyneuropathy from hereditary TTR amyloidosis. A cardiac subgroup study showed favorable biomarker results as well.[1]

AG10

  • AG10 is a selective, oral TTR stabilizer which mimics a protective TTR mutation known as T119M. In a phase 2 clinical trial, AG10 was found to be safe and effective. This trial randomized 49 patients with mutant or wild-type TTR amyloid cardiomyopathy with NYHA class II to III heart failure symptoms to AG10 400 mg, 800 mg, or placebo twice daily for 28 days, and found the medication to be well tolerated and to achieve near-complete stabilization of TTR.[2] A phase 3 trial (ATTRIBUTE-CM) is ongoing (NCT03458130).

References

  1. Kristen AV, Ajroud-Driss S, Conceição I, Gorevic P, Kyriakides T, Obici L (February 2019). "Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic for the treatment of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis". Neurodegener Dis Manag. 9 (1): 5–23. doi:10.2217/nmt-2018-0033. PMID 30480471.
  2. Judge, Daniel P. (10/29/2019). "Transthyretin Stabilization by AG10 in Symptomatic Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy". Check date values in: |date= (help)


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