Boil pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Boil (furuncle) is the tender, deep, dome shaped skin infection of the hair follicle.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Furuncle is a localized, deep, suppurative, necrotizing form of folliculitis which involves dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent.
- Following abrasion or cut the pathogen uses the entry site to invade and colonize the hair follicle leading to the formation of tender, red, perifollicular nodule.
- It later becomes painful and fluctuant terminating in the discharge of pus and necrotic plug which may leave a scar.[1]
- Furunculosis is the acute or chronic appearance of a number of furuncles at multiple skin sites. Recurrent furunculosis is defined as three or more attacks within 12 month period.[1]
- It is a contagious condition which usually develops in moist or sweaty areas such as the scalp, face, buttocks, axillae and areas which are subject to friction and perspiration.
- Group of furuncles coalesce to form carbuncle.
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle):
- It begins as a firm, tender, red, dome shaped nodule
- It later becomes fluctuant (Pus filled) and painful
- They vary in size
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle):
- Infiltrate predominantly consists of neutrophils with in the wall and ostia of hair follicle which later becomes more mixed with lymphocytes and macrophages creating a central focus of necrosis.
- Inflammation of hair follicle can either be:
- Superficial(primarily involving the infandibulum)
- Deep
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ibler KS, Kromann CB (2014). "Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review". Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 7: 59–64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302. PMC 3934592. PMID 24591845.
- ↑ wikipedia. Furuncle (2016) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boil#/media/File:Furoncle.jpg Accessed on August 8,2016
