Boil pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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Boil (furuncle) is the tender, deep, dome shaped skin infection of the [[hair follicle]]. | Boil (furuncle) is the tender, deep, dome shaped skin infection of the [[hair follicle]]. | ||
==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
===Pathogenesis=== | |||
[[Image:furuncle pathophysiology.png|thumb|left|75px]] | [[Image:furuncle pathophysiology.png|thumb|left|75px]] | ||
Furuncle is a localized, deep, [[suppurative]], [[necrotizing]] form of [[folliculitis]] which involves [[dermis]] and [[subcutaneous tissue]]. ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' is the most common causative agent. Following [[abrasion]] or cut the [[pathogen]] uses the entry site to invade and colonize the [[hair follicle]] leading to the formation of tender, red, perifollicular nodule. It later becomes painful and fluctuant terminating in the discharge of [[pus]] and [[necrotic]] plug which may leave a [[scar]].<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | *Furuncle is a localized, deep, [[suppurative]], [[necrotizing]] form of [[folliculitis]] which involves [[dermis]] and [[subcutaneous tissue]]. ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]'' is the most common causative agent. | ||
*Following [[abrasion]] or cut the [[pathogen]] uses the entry site to invade and colonize the [[hair follicle]] leading to the formation of tender, red, perifollicular nodule. | |||
*It later becomes painful and fluctuant terminating in the discharge of [[pus]] and [[necrotic]] plug which may leave a [[scar]].<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | |||
Furunculosis is the [[acute]] or [[chronic]] appearance of a number of furuncles at multiple [[skin]] sites. Recurrent furunculosis is defined as three or more attacks within 12 month period.<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | *Furunculosis is the [[acute]] or [[chronic]] appearance of a number of furuncles at multiple [[skin]] sites. Recurrent furunculosis is defined as three or more attacks within 12 month period.<ref name="pmid24591845">{{cite journal| author=Ibler KS, Kromann CB| title=Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review. | journal=Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol | year= 2014 | volume= 7 | issue= | pages= 59-64 | pmid=24591845 | doi=10.2147/CCID.S35302 | pmc=3934592 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24591845 }} </ref> | ||
It is a [[contagious]] condition which usually develops in moist or sweaty areas such as the scalp, face, buttocks, axillae and areas which are subject to friction and [[perspiration]]. | *It is a [[contagious]] condition which usually develops in moist or sweaty areas such as the [[scalp]], [[face]], [[buttocks]], [[axillae]] and areas which are subject to [[friction]] and [[perspiration]]. | ||
Group of furuncles coalesce to form [[carbuncle]]. | *Group of furuncles coalesce to form [[carbuncle]]. | ||
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==Associated Conditions== | ===Associated Conditions=== | ||
*[[Folliculitis]] | *[[Folliculitis]] | ||
*[[Carbuncle]] | *[[Carbuncle]] | ||
==Gross Pathology== | ===Gross Pathology=== | ||
[[Image:furuncle.jpg|thumb|left|Gross pathology<ref name=furuncle> wikipedia. Furuncle (2016) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boil#/media/File:Furoncle.jpg Accessed on August 8,2016</ref>]] | [[Image:furuncle.jpg|thumb|left|Gross pathology<ref name=furuncle> wikipedia. Furuncle (2016) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boil#/media/File:Furoncle.jpg Accessed on August 8,2016</ref>]] | ||
On gross pathology, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle): | On gross pathology, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle): | ||
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==Microscopic Pathology== | ===Microscopic Pathology=== | ||
On microscopic histopathological analysis, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle): | On microscopic histopathological analysis, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle): | ||
*Infiltrate predominantly consists of [[neutrophils]] with in the wall and ostia of [[hair follicle]] which later becomes more mixed with [[lymphocytes]] and [[macrophages]] creating a central focus of [[necrosis]]. | *Infiltrate predominantly consists of [[neutrophils]] with in the wall and ostia of [[hair follicle]] which later becomes more mixed with [[lymphocytes]] and [[macrophages]] creating a central focus of [[necrosis]]. |
Revision as of 15:20, 9 August 2016
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yamuna Kondapally, M.B.B.S[2]
Overview
Boil (furuncle) is the tender, deep, dome shaped skin infection of the hair follicle.
Pathophysiology
Pathogenesis
- Furuncle is a localized, deep, suppurative, necrotizing form of folliculitis which involves dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative agent.
- Following abrasion or cut the pathogen uses the entry site to invade and colonize the hair follicle leading to the formation of tender, red, perifollicular nodule.
- It later becomes painful and fluctuant terminating in the discharge of pus and necrotic plug which may leave a scar.[1]
- Furunculosis is the acute or chronic appearance of a number of furuncles at multiple skin sites. Recurrent furunculosis is defined as three or more attacks within 12 month period.[1]
- It is a contagious condition which usually develops in moist or sweaty areas such as the scalp, face, buttocks, axillae and areas which are subject to friction and perspiration.
- Group of furuncles coalesce to form carbuncle.
Associated Conditions
Gross Pathology
On gross pathology, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle):
- It begins as a firm, tender, red, dome shaped nodule
- It later becomes fluctuant (Pus filled) and painful
- They vary in size
Microscopic Pathology
On microscopic histopathological analysis, the following are characteristic findings of boil(furuncle):
- Infiltrate predominantly consists of neutrophils with in the wall and ostia of hair follicle which later becomes more mixed with lymphocytes and macrophages creating a central focus of necrosis.
- Inflammation of hair follicle can either be:
- Superficial(primarily involving the infandibulum)
- Deep
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ibler KS, Kromann CB (2014). "Recurrent furunculosis - challenges and management: a review". Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 7: 59–64. doi:10.2147/CCID.S35302. PMC 3934592. PMID 24591845.
- ↑ wikipedia. Furuncle (2016) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boil#/media/File:Furoncle.jpg Accessed on August 8,2016