Aspiration pneumonia natural history, complications, and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Aspiration pneumonia}} | {{Aspiration pneumonia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | chemical pneumonitis{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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===Natural History=== | ===Natural History=== | ||
==== Chemical pneumonitis ==== | |||
* The symptoms of chemical pneumonitis usually develop after [[aspiration]] of [[gastric acid]]. | * The symptoms of chemical pneumonitis usually develop after [[aspiration]] of [[gastric acid]]. | ||
*Following aspiration, within two hours, [[Respiratory failure|respiratory distress]] and [[cyanosis]] happen. | *Following aspiration, within two hours, [[Respiratory failure|respiratory distress]] and [[cyanosis]] happen. | ||
*The clinical course following chemical pneumonitis might be rapid clinical recovery or worsening of [[Respiratory failure|respiratory distress]] and [[hypoxemia]]. | *The clinical course following chemical pneumonitis might be rapid clinical recovery or worsening of [[Respiratory failure|respiratory distress]] and [[hypoxemia]]. | ||
*Pulmonary fibrosis might happen even after recovery. | |||
==== Bacterial infection ==== | |||
*Bacterial infection following aspiration is slower that other community-acquired pneumonia. | |||
*Cough, fever, purulent sputum, and dyspnea are typical symptoms of aspiration pneumonia. | |||
*Anaerobic infections might last several days or weeks and patients might present with anemia and weight loss. | |||
*Patients might present later with following complications including lung abscess, necrotizing pneumonia, or empyema. | |||
==== Foreign body aspiration ==== | |||
* Foreign body aspiration might present acutely with mechanical obstruction or chemical pneumonitis. | |||
* Foreign body aspiration is more common in children from one to three years of age. | |||
* It might be visualized on chest radiographs. | |||
* The Heimlich maneuver is recommended. | |||
===Complications=== | ===Complications=== |
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chemical pneumonitisEditor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
Chemical pneumonitis
- The symptoms of chemical pneumonitis usually develop after aspiration of gastric acid.
- Following aspiration, within two hours, respiratory distress and cyanosis happen.
- The clinical course following chemical pneumonitis might be rapid clinical recovery or worsening of respiratory distress and hypoxemia.
- Pulmonary fibrosis might happen even after recovery.
Bacterial infection
- Bacterial infection following aspiration is slower that other community-acquired pneumonia.
- Cough, fever, purulent sputum, and dyspnea are typical symptoms of aspiration pneumonia.
- Anaerobic infections might last several days or weeks and patients might present with anemia and weight loss.
- Patients might present later with following complications including lung abscess, necrotizing pneumonia, or empyema.
Foreign body aspiration
- Foreign body aspiration might present acutely with mechanical obstruction or chemical pneumonitis.
- Foreign body aspiration is more common in children from one to three years of age.
- It might be visualized on chest radiographs.
- The Heimlich maneuver is recommended.
Complications
- Common complications of aspiration pneumonia include:
- Segmental or lobar pneumonia
- Bronchopneumonia
- Bronchiectasis
- Lung abscess
- Empyema
- Respiratory failure
- Bacteremia
- Shock
- Death
Prognosis
- Aspiration pneumonia prognosis is generally good, and the 1/5/10-year mortality/survival rate of patients with aspiration pneumonia is approximately [#]%.
- Depending on the extent of the [tumor/disease progression/etc.] at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis may vary. However, the prognosis is generally regarded as poor/good/excellent.
- The presence of [characteristic of disease] is associated with a particularly [good/poor] prognosis among patients with [disease/malignancy].
- [Subtype of disease/malignancy] is associated with the most favorable prognosis.
- The prognosis varies with the [characteristic] of tumor; [subtype of disease/malignancy] have the most favorable prognosis.