Anasarca

Anasarca
ICD-10	R60.1
ICD-9	782.3

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

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Overview

Anasarca (or "extreme generalized edema") is a medical symptom characterized by widespread swelling of the skin due to effusion of fluid into the extracellular space.

A good mnemonic for anasarka is: Anasarka is like a parka, all over.

It is usually caused by either congestive cardiac failure, liver failure (cirrhosis of the liver) or renal failure/disease.

It can also be created from the administration of exogenous intravenous fluid.

Certain plant-derived anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, such as docetaxel, cause anasarca through a poorly understood capillary leak syndrome.

This symptom is also called leucophlegmatia.

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Anasarca:

(In alphabetical order)

• Acute renal failure
• Allergic reactions
• Angioedema
• Burns
• Calcium channel blockers
• Capillary leak syndrome
• Cardiac tamponade
• Chronic kidney disease
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Cor pulmonale
• Diazoxide
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Docetaxel
• Eclampsia
• Effusive-constrictive pericarditis
• Estrogens
• Fludrocortisone
• Glomerulonephritis
• Haemolytic disease of the newborn
• Heart failure
• Hepatic cirrhosis
  • Alcoholic liver disease
  • Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
  • Autoimmune hepatitis
  • Chronic hepatitis B
  • Chronic hepatitis C
  • Hepatic venous obstruction
  • Hereditary hemochromatosis
  • Primary biliary cirrhosis
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Wilson's disease
• Hereditary angioedema
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Hypoalbuminemia
• Hypoproteinemia
• Hypothyroidism
• Idiopathic edema
• Increased capillary permeability
• Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
• Interleukin-2 therapy
• Kwashiorkor
• Lymphatic obstruction
• Malnutrition
• Malignant ascites
• Minoxidil
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Nodal enlargement due to malignancy
• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
• POEMS syndrome
• Portal thrombosis
• Postmastectomy
• Pramipexole
• Pregnancy
• Protein loss
• Protein-losing enteropathy
• Reduced albumin synthesis
• Refeeding edema
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy
• Severe inflammation or sepsis 
• Sodium overload
• Thiazolidinediones
• Trauma
• Tricuspid stenosis
• Tropical sprue
• Venous obstruction
• Water overload
• Yellow nail syndrome

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Anasarca:

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Cardiac tamponade , Constrictive pericarditis, Cor pulmonale, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Effusive-constrictive pericarditis, Heart failure, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Restrictive cardiomyopathy, Tricuspid stenosis
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Calcium channel blockers, Diazoxide, Docetaxel, Estrogens Fludrocortisone, Interleukin-2 therapy, Minoxidil, Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Alcoholic liver disease , Autoimmune hepatitis, Chronic hepatitis B, Chronic hepatitis C, Hepatic cirrhosis, Hepatic venous obstruction, Hereditary hemochromatosis, Portal thrombosis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Wilson's disease
Genetic	Angioedema, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Hereditary angioedema Hereditary hemochromatosis, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wilson's disease, Yellow nail syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	Tropical sprue
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hypoalbuminemia, Hypoproteinaemia, Kwashiorkor, Malnutrition Protein loss, Protein-losing enteropathy, Reduced albumin synthesis, Refeeding edema, Sodium overload, Tropical sprue, Water overload
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Eclampsia, Estrogens, Haemolytic disease of the newborn, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, Pregnancy
Oncologic	Malignant ascites
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Haemolytic disease of the newborn, Autoimmune hepatitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Template:WH Template:WS Johnfanisrour 20:17, 15 January 2009 (UTC)John Fani SrourJohnfanisrour 20:17, 15 January 2009 (UTC)