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| ==Causes== | | ==Causes== |
| ===Common Causes=== | | ===Common Causes=== |
| *[[Side effects]] of medication: Many drugs can cause cognitive problems and memory loss as a side effect. Common drugs that affect memory and brain function include sleeping pills, antihistamines, blood pressure and arthritis medication, antidepressants, anti-anxiety medications, and painkillers. | | *[[Psychogenic]] following a emotionally traumatic incident. |
| *[[Depression]]: Depression mimics the signs of memory loss. It is a common problem in older adults—especially if one is less social and active than they used to be or if one has recently experienced a number of major life changes (retirement, a serious medical diagnosis, the loss of a loved one, moving away from home).
| | *[[Head Trauma]] |
| *[[Vitamin B12 Deficiency]]: Vitamin B12 protects neurons and is vital to healthy brain functioning. A lack of B12 can cause permanent damage to the brain.
| |
| *[[Trauma]]: This is the most common cause of preventable memory loss. | |
| | |
| ===Causes by Organ System===
| |
| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
| |
| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | [[Cardiac arrest]], [[Heart bypass surgery]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Aluminium poisoning]], [[Barbiturate abuse]], [[Bromoform]], [[Cannabis]], [[Hobo spider poisoning]], [[Mercury poisoning ]], [[Stachybotrys chartarum]], [[Toluene]], [[Neurotoxicity syndromes]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Dermatologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anagrelide]], [[Anisotropine Methylbromide]],[[Aripiprazole]], [[Atenolol]], [[Atorvastatin]], [[Benztropine]], [[Carbon monoxide poisoning]], [[Chemotherapy]], [[Cidofovir]], [[Diazepam]], [[Dicyclomine]], [[Flecainide]], [[Fluvastatin]], [[Lamotrigine]], [[Levetiracetam]], [[Lovastatin]], [[Mepenzolate]]
| |
| [[Methocarbamol]], [[Metoprolol]], [[Midazolam]] <ref name="pmid9447768">{{cite journal |author=Nadin G, Coulthard P |title=Memory and midazolam conscious sedation |journal=Br Dent J |volume=183 |issue=11-12 |pages=399–407 |year=1997 |pmid=9447768 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, [[Modafinil]], [[Nefazodone]], [[Oxcarbazepine]], [[Pergolide]], [[Phenelzine]], [[Pindolol]],[[Pramipexole]], [[Pravastatin]], [[Propranolol]], [[Rifaximin]], [[Ropinirole]], [[Rosuvastatin]], [[Secobarbital sodium]], [[Selegiline]], [[Sertraline]], [[Scopolamine]], [[Simvastatin]], [[Suvorexant]], [[Temozolomide]], [[Thalidomide]], [[Trazodone]], [[Valium]], [[Zaleplon]], [[Zolmitriptan]], [[Zolpidem]],
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Endocrine'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hashimoto's Thyroiditis]], [[Hyperthyroidism]], [[Hypothyroidism]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Environmental'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Anoxia]], [[Frostbite]], [[Heat stroke]], [[Hypoxia]]
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Genetic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Citrullinemia ]]<ref> http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/citrullinemia </ref>, [[Down Syndrome]], [[Graeck-Imerslund disease]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Hematologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bone marrow transplant]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Iatrogenic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Bilateral temporal lobectomy]], [[Brain radiation]], [[Electroconvulsive therapy]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Infectious Disease'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[AIDS Dementia Complex]], [[Cryptococcal Meningitis]], [[Encephalitis]]
| |
| , [[Herpes simplex encephalitis]], [[HIV]], [[Human T-lymphotropic virus]], [[Lyme disease]], [[Neurosyphillis]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Neurologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achromatopsia ]]<ref name="pmid8341415">{{cite journal |author=Ogden JA |title=Visual object agnosia, prosopagnosia, achromatopsia, loss of visual imagery, and autobiographical amnesia following recovery from cortical blindness: case M.H |journal=Neuropsychologia |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=571–89 |year=1993 |month=June |pmid=8341415 |doi= |url=}}</ref>, [[Alzheimer's disease]], [[Corticobasal Degeneration]], [[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]], [[Encephalitis]], [[Frontotemporal dementia]], [[Hydrocephalus]], [[Huntington's disease]], [[Intractible epilepsy]], [[Myelinopathies]], [[Multiple sclerosis]], [[Normal pressure hydrocephalus]], [[Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Pick's disease of the brain]], [[Progressive supranuclear palsy]], [[Right parietal lobe syndrome]], [[Space occupying lesion]], [[Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis]], [[Transient global amnesia]], [[Vertebrobasilar disease]], [[Multi infarct dementia]], [[Human T-lymphotropic virus]], [[Neurosyphillis]], [[Hypothalamus tumor]], [[Tumors of the third ventricle]], [[Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome]], [[Neurosarcoidosis]], [[Sneddon Syndrome]], [[Arteriovenous Malformation]], [[Cerebrovascular accident]], [[Multi infarct dementia]], [[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]], [[Transient ischemic attack]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Vitamin B12 deficiecny]], [[Dementia]], [[Depression]], [[Hyperthermia]], [[Hypothermia]], [[Hypoxia]], [[Malabsorption]], [[Megaloblastic Anemia ]], [[Nutritional deficiency]], [[Pellagra]], [[Thiamine deficiency]], [[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Menopause ]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brain cancer]], [[Hypothalamus tumor]], [[Malignant astrocytoma]], [[Malignant germ cell tumor]], [[Tumors of the third ventricle]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Opthalmologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Achromatopsia ]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Psychiatric'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Amnestic disorder]], [[Bipolar disease]], [[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]], [[Conversion disorder]], [[Fugue states]], [[Schizophrenia]]|-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Pulmonary'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypoxia]]
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome]], [[Hypercalcemia]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Behcet's Disease]], [[Neurosarcoidosis]], [[Sneddon Syndrome]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Sexual'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Trauma'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Brain concussion]], [[Head injury]], [[Whiplash]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Urologic'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Dental'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
| |
| |-
| |
| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| |
| | '''Miscellaneous'''
| |
| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alcoholism]], [[Malingering]], [[Stress]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
| |
| {{columns-list|
| |
| *[[Achromatopsia ]]
| |
| *[[AIDS Dementia Complex]]
| |
| *[[Alcoholism]]
| |
| *[[Aluminium poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Alzheimer's disease]]
| |
| *[[Amnestic disorder]]
| |
| *[[Anagrelide]]
| |
| *[[Anisotropine Methylbromide]]
| |
| *[[Anoxia]]
| |
| *[[Aripiprazole]]
| |
| *[[Arteriovenous Malformation]]
| |
| *[[Atenolol]]
| |
| *[[Atorvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Barbiturate abuse]]
| |
| *[[Behcet's Disease]]
| |
| *[[Benztropine]]
| |
| *[[Bilateral temporal lobectomy]]
| |
| *[[Bipolar disease]]
| |
| *[[Bone marrow transplant]]
| |
| *[[Brain cancer]]
| |
| *[[Brain concussion]]
| |
| *[[Brain radiation]]
| |
| *[[Bromoform]]
| |
| *[[Cannabis]]
| |
| *[[Carbon monoxide poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Cardiac arrest]]
| |
| *[[Cerebrovascular accident]]
| |
| *[[Chemotherapy]]
| |
| *[[Chronic Fatigue Syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Cidofovir]]
| |
| *[[Citrullinemia ]]
| |
| *[[Conversion disorder]]
| |
| *[[Corticobasal Degeneration]]
| |
| *[[Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease]]
| |
| *[[Cryptococcal Meningitis]]
| |
| *[[Dementia]]
| |
| *[[Depression]]
| |
| *[[Dialysis encephalopathy syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Diazepam]]
| |
| *[[Dicyclomine]]
| |
| *[[Down Syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Electroconvulsive therapy]]
| |
| *[[Encephalitis]]
| |
| *[[Flecainide]]
| |
| *[[Fluvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Frontotemporal dementia]]
| |
| *[[Frostbite]]
| |
| *[[Fugue states]]
| |
| *[[Graeck-Imerslund disease]]
| |
| *[[Hashimoto's Thyroiditis]]
| |
| *[[Head injury]]
| |
| *[[Heart bypass surgery]]
| |
| *[[Heat stroke]]
| |
| *[[Herpes simplex encephalitis]]
| |
| *[[HIV]]
| |
| *[[Hobo spider poisoning]]
| |
| *[[Human T-lymphotropic virus]]
| |
| *[[Huntington's disease]]
| |
| *[[Hydrocephalus]]
| |
| *[[Hypercalcemia]]
| |
| *[[Hyperthermia]]
| |
| *[[Hyperthyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Hypothalamus tumor]]
| |
| *[[Hypothermia]]
| |
| *[[Hypothyroidism]]
| |
| *[[Hypoxia]]
| |
| *[[Intractible epilepsy]]
| |
| *[[Lamotrigine]]
| |
| *[[Levetiracetam]]
| |
| *[[Lovastatin]]
| |
| *[[Lyme disease]]
| |
| *[[Malabsorption]]
| |
| *[[Malignant astrocytoma]]
| |
| *[[Malignant germ cell tumor]]
| |
| *[[Malingering]]
| |
| *[[Megaloblastic Anemia ]]
| |
| *[[Menopause ]]
| |
| *[[Mercury poisoning ]]
| |
| *[[Metoprolol]]
| |
| *[[Midazolam]]
| |
| *[[Modafinil]]
| |
| *[[Multi infarct dementia]]
| |
| *[[Multiple sclerosis]]
| |
| *[[Myelinopathies]]
| |
| *[[Nefazodone]]
| |
| *[[Neurosarcoidosis]]
| |
| *[[Neurosyphillis]]
| |
| *[[Neurotoxicity syndromes]]
| |
| *[[Normal pressure hydrocephalus]]
| |
| *[[Nutritional deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy]]
| |
| *[[Oxcarbazepine]]
| |
| *[[Parkinson's disease]]
| |
| *[[Pellagra]]
| |
| *[[Pergolide]]
| |
| *[[Phenelzine]]
| |
| *[[Pick's disease of the brain]]
| |
| *[[Pindolol]]
| |
| *[[Pramipexole]]
| |
| *[[Pravastatin]]
| |
| *[[Progressive supranuclear palsy]]
| |
| *[[Propranolol]]
| |
| *[[Right parietal lobe syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Ropinirole]]
| |
| *[[Rosuvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Schizophrenia]]
| |
| *[[Scopolamine]]
| |
| *[[Selegiline]]
| |
| *[[Simvastatin]]
| |
| *[[Sneddon Syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Space occupying lesion]]
| |
| *[[Stachybotrys chartarum]]
| |
| *[[Stress]]
| |
| *[[Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis]]
| |
| *[[Subarachnoid hemorrhage]]
| |
| *[[Temozolomide]]
| |
| *[[Thiamine deficiency]]
| |
| *[[Toluene]]
| |
| *[[Transient global amnesia]]
| |
| *[[Transient ischemic attack]]
| |
| *[[Trazodone]]
| |
| *[[Tumors of the third ventricle]]
| |
| *[[Valium]]
| |
| *[[Vertebrobasilar disease]]
| |
| *[[Vitamin B12 deficiecny]]
| |
| *[[Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome]]
| |
| *[[Whiplash]]
| |
| *[[Zaleplon]]
| |
| *[[Zolpidem]]
| |
| }}
| |
| | |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
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