Acute pancreatitis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The annual [[incidence]] of [[acute pancreatitis]] in the U.S. is 18 to 49 per 100,000 population. In several European studies, the [[incidence]] of [[acute pancreatitis]] is reported at 12.4 to 31.2 per 100,000. A consistent increase in [[incidence]] of [[pancreatitis]] has been reported in different geographical regions. [[Acute pancreatitis]] commonly affects adults of all ages. As of late, there is a significant increase in [[incidence]] among hospitalized children and has been reported as high as 3.5 per 100,000 hospitalized children. | The annual [[incidence]] of [[acute pancreatitis]] in the U.S. is 18 to 49 per 100,000 population. In several European studies, the [[incidence]] of [[acute pancreatitis]] is reported at 12.4 to 31.2 per 100,000. A consistent increase in the [[incidence]] of [[pancreatitis]] has been reported in different geographical regions. [[Acute pancreatitis]] commonly affects adults of all ages. As of late, there is a significant increase in [[incidence]] among hospitalized children and has been reported as high as 3.5 per 100,000 hospitalized children. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
The [[incidence]] of [[acute pancreatitis]] is variable and fluctuates between 12.4 to 31.2 per 100,000 depending on the population and time period studied. More importantly, is a consistent trend of increasing incidence across different studies.<ref name="pmid15354285">{{cite journal| author=Lindkvist B, Appelros S, Manjer J, Borgström A| title=Trends in incidence of acute pancreatitis in a Swedish population: is there really an increase? | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2004 | volume= 2 | issue= 9 | pages= 831-7 | pmid=15354285 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15354285 }}</ref><ref name="pmid236221352">{{cite journal| author=Yadav D, Lowenfels AB| title=The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2013 | volume= 144 | issue= 6 | pages= 1252-61 | pmid=23622135 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068 | pmc=3662544 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23622135 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid23622135">{{cite journal| author=Yadav D, Lowenfels AB| title=The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2013 | volume= 144 | issue= 6 | pages= 1252-61 | pmid=23622135 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068 | pmc=3662544 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23622135 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22205468">{{cite journal| author=Yadav D, Muddana V, O'Connell M| title=Hospitalizations for chronic pancreatitis in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA. | journal=Pancreatology | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 546-52 | pmid=22205468 | doi=10.1159/000331498 | pmc=3270812 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22205468 }} </ref><ref name="acutepancreatitis">{{cite journal | The [[incidence]] of [[acute pancreatitis]] is variable and fluctuates between 12.4 to 31.2 per 100,000 depending on the population and time period studied. More importantly, there is a consistent trend of increasing incidence across different studies.<ref name="pmid15354285">{{cite journal| author=Lindkvist B, Appelros S, Manjer J, Borgström A| title=Trends in incidence of acute pancreatitis in a Swedish population: is there really an increase? | journal=Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | year= 2004 | volume= 2 | issue= 9 | pages= 831-7 | pmid=15354285 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15354285 }}</ref><ref name="pmid236221352">{{cite journal| author=Yadav D, Lowenfels AB| title=The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2013 | volume= 144 | issue= 6 | pages= 1252-61 | pmid=23622135 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068 | pmc=3662544 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23622135 }}</ref> <ref name="pmid23622135">{{cite journal| author=Yadav D, Lowenfels AB| title=The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. | journal=Gastroenterology | year= 2013 | volume= 144 | issue= 6 | pages= 1252-61 | pmid=23622135 | doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068 | pmc=3662544 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23622135 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22205468">{{cite journal| author=Yadav D, Muddana V, O'Connell M| title=Hospitalizations for chronic pancreatitis in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA. | journal=Pancreatology | year= 2011 | volume= 11 | issue= 6 | pages= 546-52 | pmid=22205468 | doi=10.1159/000331498 | pmc=3270812 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22205468 }} </ref><ref name="acutepancreatitis">{{cite journal | ||
| last = Forsmark | | last = Forsmark | ||
| first = Chris E. | | first = Chris E. | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
A UK study reports | A UK study reports increased incidence from the mid-1990s to 2013, in both males and females from ~14.5 to ~30 per 100,000. <ref name="pmid24771844">{{cite journal| author=Hazra N, Gulliford M| title=Evaluating pancreatitis in primary care: a population-based cohort study. | journal=Br J Gen Pract | year= 2014 | volume= 64 | issue= 622 | pages= e295-301 | pmid=24771844 | doi=10.3399/bjgp14X679732 | pmc=4001169 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24771844 }}</ref> | ||
The reason for this increased [[incidence]] is not | The reason for this increased [[incidence]] is not well understood with some reporting an increase in [[alcoholic pancreatitis]], while others reporting a decrease in this etiology. An increase in [[Gallstone disease|gallstone]] and [[gallbladder]] associated conditions has been reported. | ||
=== Mortality === | === Mortality === | ||
The [[Mortality rate|mortality]] associated with [[acute pancreatitis]] has decreased significantly over the years with | The [[Mortality rate|mortality]] associated with [[acute pancreatitis]] has decreased significantly over the years with improvements in medical care. Currently the mortality is about ~2%. This figure increases depending on the subgroup studied. Subgroups associated with a higher [[Mortality rate|mortality]] include the elderly, the [[morbidly]] [[Obesity|obese]], and patients who acquire [[hospital]] [[infections]]. Mortality has been reported as high as 30% in some patient groups.<ref name="pmid18362258">{{cite journal| author=Yang AL, Vadhavkar S, Singh G, Omary MB| title=Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States. | journal=Arch Intern Med | year= 2008 | volume= 168 | issue= 6 | pages= 649-56 | pmid=18362258 | doi=10.1001/archinte.168.6.649 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18362258 }}</ref><ref name="pmid22735715">{{cite journal| author=Dellinger EP, Forsmark CE, Layer P, Lévy P, Maraví-Poma E, Petrov MS et al.| title=Determinant-based classification of acute pancreatitis severity: an international multidisciplinary consultation. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 2012 | volume= 256 | issue= 6 | pages= 875-80 | pmid=22735715 | doi=10.1097/SLA.0b013e318256f778 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22735715 }} </ref><ref name="acutepancreatitis">{{cite journal | ||
| last = Forsmark | | last = Forsmark | ||
| first = Chris E. | | first = Chris E. | ||
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{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
[[Category:Up-to-date]] | [[Category:Up-to-date]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Up-To-Date]] | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [2]; Tarek Nafee, M.D. [3]
Overview
The annual incidence of acute pancreatitis in the U.S. is 18 to 49 per 100,000 population. In several European studies, the incidence of acute pancreatitis is reported at 12.4 to 31.2 per 100,000. A consistent increase in the incidence of pancreatitis has been reported in different geographical regions. Acute pancreatitis commonly affects adults of all ages. As of late, there is a significant increase in incidence among hospitalized children and has been reported as high as 3.5 per 100,000 hospitalized children.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
The incidence of acute pancreatitis is variable and fluctuates between 12.4 to 31.2 per 100,000 depending on the population and time period studied. More importantly, there is a consistent trend of increasing incidence across different studies.[1][2] [3][4][5]
A UK study reports increased incidence from the mid-1990s to 2013, in both males and females from ~14.5 to ~30 per 100,000. [6]
The reason for this increased incidence is not well understood with some reporting an increase in alcoholic pancreatitis, while others reporting a decrease in this etiology. An increase in gallstone and gallbladder associated conditions has been reported.
Mortality
The mortality associated with acute pancreatitis has decreased significantly over the years with improvements in medical care. Currently the mortality is about ~2%. This figure increases depending on the subgroup studied. Subgroups associated with a higher mortality include the elderly, the morbidly obese, and patients who acquire hospital infections. Mortality has been reported as high as 30% in some patient groups.[7][8][5]
Age
Acute pancreatitis commonly affects adults of all ages. As of late, there is a significant increase in incidence among hospitalized children and has been reported as high as 3.5 per 100,000 hospitalized children.[9][5]
Gender
Acute pancreatitis affects both men and women. Most studies report a slightly higher incidence in men than women.[5]
Race
Blacks carry a 2-3 fold risk of developing pancreatitis than other races [3][4][5]
References
- ↑ Lindkvist B, Appelros S, Manjer J, Borgström A (2004). "Trends in incidence of acute pancreatitis in a Swedish population: is there really an increase?". Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2 (9): 831–7. PMID 15354285.
- ↑ Yadav D, Lowenfels AB (2013). "The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer". Gastroenterology. 144 (6): 1252–61. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068. PMC 3662544. PMID 23622135.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Yadav D, Lowenfels AB (2013). "The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer". Gastroenterology. 144 (6): 1252–61. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068. PMC 3662544. PMID 23622135.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yadav D, Muddana V, O'Connell M (2011). "Hospitalizations for chronic pancreatitis in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA". Pancreatology. 11 (6): 546–52. doi:10.1159/000331498. PMC 3270812. PMID 22205468.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 Forsmark CE, Vege SS, Wilcox M (November 17,2016). "Acute Pancreatitis". The New England Journal of Medicine: 1972–1981. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1505202. Retrieved November 25,2016. Check date values in:
|access-date=, |date=(help) - ↑ Hazra N, Gulliford M (2014). "Evaluating pancreatitis in primary care: a population-based cohort study". Br J Gen Pract. 64 (622): e295–301. doi:10.3399/bjgp14X679732. PMC 4001169. PMID 24771844.
- ↑ Yang AL, Vadhavkar S, Singh G, Omary MB (2008). "Epidemiology of alcohol-related liver and pancreatic disease in the United States". Arch Intern Med. 168 (6): 649–56. doi:10.1001/archinte.168.6.649. PMID 18362258.
- ↑ Dellinger EP, Forsmark CE, Layer P, Lévy P, Maraví-Poma E, Petrov MS; et al. (2012). "Determinant-based classification of acute pancreatitis severity: an international multidisciplinary consultation". Ann Surg. 256 (6): 875–80. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e318256f778. PMID 22735715.
- ↑ Pant C, Deshpande A, Olyaee M, Anderson MP, Bitar A, Steele MI; et al. (2014). "Epidemiology of acute pancreatitis in hospitalized children in the United States from 2000-2009". PLoS One. 9 (5): e95552. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0095552. PMC 4012949. PMID 24805879.