ATP hydrolysis

Revision as of 19:26, 11 January 2010 by Apalmer (talk | contribs)
(diff) ← Older revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

WikiDoc Resources for ATP hydrolysis

Articles

Most recent articles on ATP hydrolysis

Most cited articles on ATP hydrolysis

Review articles on ATP hydrolysis

Articles on ATP hydrolysis in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on ATP hydrolysis

Images of ATP hydrolysis

Photos of ATP hydrolysis

Podcasts & MP3s on ATP hydrolysis

Videos on ATP hydrolysis

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on ATP hydrolysis

Bandolier on ATP hydrolysis

TRIP on ATP hydrolysis

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on ATP hydrolysis at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on ATP hydrolysis

Clinical Trials on ATP hydrolysis at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on ATP hydrolysis

NICE Guidance on ATP hydrolysis

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on ATP hydrolysis

CDC on ATP hydrolysis

Books

Books on ATP hydrolysis

News

ATP hydrolysis in the news

Be alerted to news on ATP hydrolysis

News trends on ATP hydrolysis

Commentary

Blogs on ATP hydrolysis

Definitions

Definitions of ATP hydrolysis

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on ATP hydrolysis

Discussion groups on ATP hydrolysis

Patient Handouts on ATP hydrolysis

Directions to Hospitals Treating ATP hydrolysis

Risk calculators and risk factors for ATP hydrolysis

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of ATP hydrolysis

Causes & Risk Factors for ATP hydrolysis

Diagnostic studies for ATP hydrolysis

Treatment of ATP hydrolysis

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on ATP hydrolysis

International

ATP hydrolysis en Espanol

ATP hydrolysis en Francais

Business

ATP hydrolysis in the Marketplace

Patents on ATP hydrolysis

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to ATP hydrolysis

Please Take Over This Page and Apply to be Editor-In-Chief for this topic: There can be one or more than one Editor-In-Chief. You may also apply to be an Associate Editor-In-Chief of one of the subtopics below. Please mail us [1] to indicate your interest in serving either as an Editor-In-Chief of the entire topic or as an Associate Editor-In-Chief for a subtopic. Please be sure to attach your CV and or biographical sketch.

Overview

ATP hydrolysis is the reaction by which chemical energy that has been stored and transported in the high-energy phosphoanhydridic bonds in ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is released, for example in the muscles, to produce work. The product is ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) and an inorganic phosphate, orthophosphate (Pi). ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, AMP (Adenosine monophosphate), and another orthophosphate (Pi). ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction, the establishment of ion gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes necessary to maintain life.

Hydrolysis of the phosphate groups in ATP is especially exergonic, because the resulting orthophosphate group is greatly stabilized by multiple resonance structures, making the products (ADP and Pi) much lower in energy than the reactant (ATP). The high negative charge density associated with the three adjacent phosphate units of ATP also destabilizes the molecule, making it higher in energy. Hydrolysis relieves some of these electrostatic repulsions as well, liberating useful energy in the process.

Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphoanhydridic bond is a highly exergonic process, producing -30.5 kJ mol-1 energy. This reaction can then be coupled with thermodynamically unfavorable reactions to give an overall negative (spontaneous) ΔG for the reaction sequence. The actual value of ΔG for ATP hydrolysis varies, primarily depending on Mg2+ concentration, and under normal physiologic conditions is actually closer to -50 kJ mol-1.

In humans, approximately 60% of the energy released from the hydrolysis of one mole of ATP produces metabolic heat rather than fuel the actual reactions taking place.

Error creating thumbnail: File missing
Structure of ATP
Structure of ADP
Four possible resonance structures for orthophosphate

Source: A biochemistry test at medical university Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden 2005.

See also

Template:SIB


Template:WikiDoc Sources