Patent foramen ovale

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Patent Foramen Ovale Microchapters

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Patient Information

Overview

Historical Perspective

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Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Patent Foramen Ovale from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

PFO and Stroke

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Diagnostic Study of Choice

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [[2]]; Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]; Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [[4]]

Synonyms and Keywords: patent foramen, PFO, probe patent PFO

Overview

Pathophysiology

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Genetics may play a role in the development of a patent foramen ovale insofar as the disorder has been found to occur with an increased frequency in families.


Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis

Clinically it is linked to decompression sickness, paradoxical embolism and migraine. There is a debate within the neurology and cardiology communities about the role of a PFO in cryptogenic stroke neurologic events, e.g. strokes and transient ischemia attacks (TIAs) without any other potential cause. On echocardiography, there may not be any shunting of blood noted except when the patient coughs.

Echocardiography showing patent foramen ovale bubble study

Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale

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