Patent foramen ovale epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ifeoma Odukwe, M.D. [2], Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [3], Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]
Overview
Approximately 1 in four healthy adults has a patent foramen ovale. The incidence decreases with increasing age, but the size increases with age. It is the most common cardiac finding in people less than 55 years with an unexplained cerebrovascular event. It is prevalent in men and women equally and has no racial predilection.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The prevalence of patent foramen ovale is approximately 25,000 per 100,000 individuals worldwide..[1]
Age
- It is more common in those under the age of 30 and less common in those above 80 years.[2]
- The incidence of patent foramen ovale varies with age:[3]
- 0-30 years: 34.3%
- 40-80 years: 25.4%
- 90+ years: 20.2%
- Patent foramen ovale size increases with age, from a mean of approximately 3mm in the first decade to approximately 6 mm in the 10th decade of life.[3]
- In patients less than 55 years with an unexplained cerebrovascular event, patent foramen ovale is the most common cardiac finding seen. It is presumed to be caused by a paradoxical emboli.[4]
Race
- There is no racial predilection to patent foramen ovale.[5]
Gender
- Patent foramen ovale affects men and women equally.[5]
References
- ↑ Sun YP, Homma S (2016). "Patent Foramen Ovale and Stroke". Circ J. 80 (8): 1665–73. doi:10.1253/circj.CJ-16-0534. PMID 27334127.
- ↑ Yuan, Kristy; Kasner, Scott Eric (2018). "Patent foramen ovale and cryptogenic stroke: diagnosis and updates in secondary stroke prevention". Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 3 (2): 84–91. doi:10.1136/svn-2018-000173. ISSN 2059-8688.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD (1984). "Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts". Mayo Clin Proc. 59 (1): 17–20. PMID 6694427.
- ↑ Pinto FJ (2005). "When and how to diagnose patent foramen ovale". Heart. 91 (4): 438–40. doi:10.1136/hrt.2004.052233. PMC 1768819. PMID 15772190.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Gupta V, Yesilbursa D, Huang WY, Aggarwal K, Gupta V, Gomez C; et al. (2008). "Patent foramen ovale in a large population of ischemic stroke patients: diagnosis, age distribution, gender, and race". Echocardiography. 25 (2): 217–27. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8175.2007.00583.x. PMID 18269568.