Chronic diarrhea risk factors

Chronic diarrhea Microchapters
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Case #1

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Omodamola Aje B.Sc, M.D. [2]

Overview

The risk factors of chronic diarrhea can be assessed based on epidemiological associations and the patient's characteristics. Some of these factors can be classified based on travel history, epidemics and outbreaks, patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and whether the patients are institutionalized or hospitalized.

Risk Factors

Common risk factors in the development of acute diarrhea include:

• Travel
  • Bacterial infection (Enterotoxigenic E.coli,Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter)
  • Virus: Rota virus, Noro virus, Enteric adeno virus.
  • Parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia, Cryptosporidium.
• Epidemics and outbreaks: Noro virus, Rota virus, Vibrio.cholerae, Shigella.
• Poor sanitation and overcrowding.
• Animal contact: Non typhoidal salmonella, Campylobacter.
• Antibiotic use and Hospitalization: Clostridium difficle with Broad spectrum antibiotics especially Cephalosporins.
• Day care
• Immunosupression
• Homosexual men
• Drug side effects
• Ischemic colitis

References

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