Esophageal cancer screening

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]

Overview

Screening may be effective in reducing the incidence of esophageal cancer, especially in Barrett's esophagus-associated adenocarcinoma, however, not very cost effective.

Screening

Adenocarcinoma screening

  • The predominant type of esophageal cancer in the United States is adenocarcinoma.
  • Screening is recommended for white men over the age of 50 years.[1]
  • Screening should include random endoscopic biopsies taken in all 4 quadrants with a high resolution endoscope once in a lifetime.
  • It should also be noted that those who present with adenocarcinoma demonstrate no prior Barrett's esophagus in 80 - 90% of the time.

Squamous cell carcinoma screening

Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is more prevalent in underdeveloped countries; there is no reliable data to suggest that screening programs are effective when implemented.

  • A screening program in a high risk population was established in Hishun village,China.
  • Those with mild to moderate dysplasia were examined via endoscopy every 3 years, whilst those with severe dysplasia were screened once per year.
  • All the patients were concomitantly treated with monoclonal antibodies for the next three years.
  • At the end of three year monoclonal antibody trial, the incidence rate of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma had decreased by 57% in comparison to previous incidence rates.
  • These results demonstrated that screening for dysplastic changes in the esophagus is effective in the prevention of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.[2]

References

  1. Domper Arnal MJ, Ferrández Arenas Á, Lanas Arbeloa Á (2015). "Esophageal cancer: Risk factors, screening and endoscopic treatment in Western and Eastern countries". World J. Gastroenterol. 21 (26): 7933–43. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.7933. PMC 4499337. PMID 26185366.
  2. Lin PZ, Zhang JS, Cao SG, Rong ZP, Gao RQ, Han R, Shu SP (1988). "[Secondary prevention of esophageal cancer--intervention on precancerous lesions of the esophagus]". Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi (in Chinese). 10 (3): 161–6. PMID 3219974.


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