Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease epidemiology and demographics

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Editor in Chief: Elliot Tapper, M.D., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Estimates are that between 30 - 90 million Americans have some degree of NAFLD and 5-6% have NASH. [1]In the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), the peak prevalence of NAFLD in men occurred in the fourth decade and in the sixth decade for women.[2][3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalance

A Japanese study estimates the prevalence of NAFLD in that country at 3,100 per 100,000 and found an incidence of approximately 10% - 308 new cases of NAFLD in a group of 3,147 patients followed over 414 days.[4] Some have suggested a genetic or sociocultural component to NAFLD spectrum disease.[5]

Ethinicity

As a part of the Dallas Heart Study,[6] 2,240 patients - 1,105 african-americans, 401 hispanics and 734 caucasians - received abdominal MRI's from which we can infer the presence of steatosis. Hepatic steatosis was found in 45% of hispanics (both men and women), 33% of caucasians (42% of men, 24% of women) and 24% of african-american (23% of men, 24% of women). This pattern may hold true in children as well. In a San Diego study of 742 consecutive autopsies of children victims of trauma over 10 years, fatty liver was found in 9.6% of all children, 38% of the obese, 12% of hispanics, 10% of asians, 8.6% of caucasians and 1.5% of african-americans.[7]

References

  1. McCullough, AJ. Thiazolidinediones for NASH. NEJM 2006;355(22):2361-2363.
  2. Ong JP et al. Epidemiology and Natural History of NAFLD and NASH. Clin Liver Dis 11 (2007) 1–16
  3. Ruhl CE, Everhart JE. Determinants of the association of overweight with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity in the united states. Gastroenterology 2003;124(1):71–9.
  4. Hamaguchi M, Kojima T, Takeda N, et al. The metabolic syndrome as a predictor of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Intern Med 2005;143(10):722–8
  5. Caldwell et al. Has natural selection in human populations produced two types of metabolic syndrome (with and without fatty liver). J of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2007;22(S1):S11-S19
  6. Browning et al. Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis in an Urban Population in the United States: Impact of Ethnicity. Hepatology 2004;40:1387-1395.
  7. Schwimmer et al. Prevalence of fatty liver in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2006;118;1388-93.

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