Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease causes
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Microchapters |
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Differentiating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2] Parth Vikram Singh, MBBS[3]
Overview
Common causes in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is related to obesity which will result in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Less commonly patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia are also associated with developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Causes
- The most common cause of NAFLD are conditions associated with obesity such as insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. It is estimated that approximately 80% of the obese people suffer from NAFLD.[1][2][3]
- Less common causes of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease include hypertension and dyslipidemia.
- The risk of developing MASLD and progressing to MASH increases with the number of metabolic syndrome features, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, and elevated blood glucose.[4] Cardiometabolic risk factors used in the classification of MASLD include body mass index of 25 or greater, or 23 or greater in Asian individuals; waist circumference of 80 cm or greater in women and 94 cm or greater in men; fasting glucose level of 5.6 mmol/L or greater, 2-hour postload glucose level of 7.8 mmol/L or greater, hemoglobin A1c level of 5.7% or greater, established type 2 diabetes, or use of glucose-lowering medication; blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg or greater or use of antihypertensive medication; plasma triglyceride level of 1.70 mmol/L or greater or use of triglyceride-lowering medication; and low HDL cholesterol.
- Other contributors include older age, male sex, postmenopausal status, PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 genetic variants, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, high fructose intake, alcohol consumption above MASLD thresholds, and high-calorie diets rich in saturated fats, sugars, and processed foods.
- Other known causes of hepatic steatosis that should be excluded include use of corticosteroids, methotrexate, or tamoxifen; hepatitis C virus infection; iron overload; celiac disease; HIV infection; malnutrition; Wilson disease; lysosomal acid lipase deficiency; hypobetalipoproteinemia; and inborn errors of metabolism.
Secondary NAFLD
Secondary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can also be defined as injury to liver caused by either medications, surgery and other diseases.
- Amiodarone
- Antiviral drugs (nucleoside analogues)
- Aspirin / NSAIDS
- Corticosteroids
- Methotrexate
- Nifedipine
- Perhexiline
- Tamoxifen
- Tetracycline
- Valproic acid
References
- ↑ "Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease".
- ↑ "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease".
- ↑ "Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease & NASH | NIDDK".
- ↑ Tilg H, Petta S, Stefan N, Targher G (January 2026). "Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adults: A Review". JAMA. 335 (2): 163–174. doi:10.1001/jama.2025.19615. PMID 41212550 Check
|pmid=value (help).
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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Microchapters |
|
Differentiating Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease from other Diseases |
|---|
|
Diagnosis |
|
Treatment |
|
Case studies |
|
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease causes On the Web |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease causes |
|
Directions to Hospitals Treating Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease causes |