Kaposi's sarcoma overview
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
Historical Perspective
Kaposi's sarcoma was first described by Dr. Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist at the University of Vienna, in the year 1872.[1][2][3]
Classification
Kaposi's sarcoma may be classified according to the clinical setting into five subtypess: classic Kaposi's sarcoma, African cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma, African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma, immunosuppression-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.[2]
Pathophysiology
Kaposi's sarcoma arises from endothelial cells, which are epithelial cells that normally lines the luminal surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.[4][5][2] Kaposi's sarcoma is mainly caused by an infection with Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), which is also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV). The main gene involved in the pathogensis of Kaposi's sarcoma is ORF73 gene, which encodes the viral latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1).[6] Kaposi's sarcoma is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). On gross pathology, reddish, violaceous, or bluish-black macules and patches are characteristic findings of Kaposi's sarcoma. On microscopic histopathological analysis the presence of spindle cells with minimal nuclear atypia are characteristic findings of Kaposi's sarcoma.[7][8][9][3]
Causes
Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by an infection with HHV-8.[4][5][2]
Differentiating Kaposi's sarcoma from other Diseases
Kaposi's sarcoma must be differentiated from other diseases that cause similar cutaneous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal involvement, such as bacillary angiomatosis, AIDS-related lymphoma, and seborrheic keratosis.[3][10][5]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Staging
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X-Ray
CT Scan
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
References
- ↑ Kaposi, M (1872). "Idiopathisches multiples Pigmentsarkom der Haut". Arch. Dermatol. Syph. 4: 265–273.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Kaposi's sarcoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi's_sarcoma Accessed on January, 17 2015
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kaposi's Sarcoma. Radiopaedia (2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/kaposi-sarcoma Accessed on January, 19 2016
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ruocco E, Ruocco V, Tornesello ML, Gambardella A, Wolf R, Buonaguro FM (2013). "Kaposi's sarcoma: etiology and pathogenesis, inducing factors, causal associations, and treatments: facts and controversies". Clin Dermatol. 31 (4): 413–22. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2013.01.008. PMID 23806158.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Kaposi's Sarcoma. PathologyOutlines (2015) http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/topic/skintumornonmelanocytickaposisarcoma.html Accessed on January, 19 2015
- ↑ Toth Z, Brulois K, Jung JU (2013). "The chromatin landscape of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus". Viruses. 5 (5): 1346–73. doi:10.3390/v5051346. PMC 3712311. PMID 23698402.
- ↑ Rossetto CC, Pari GS (2014). "PAN's Labyrinth: Molecular biology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) PAN RNA, a multifunctional long noncoding RNA". Viruses. 6 (11): 4212–26. doi:10.3390/v6114212. PMC 4246217. PMID 25375885.
- ↑ Cancian L, Hansen A, Boshoff C (2013). "Cellular origin of Kaposi's sarcoma and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-induced cell reprogramming". Trends Cell Biol. 23 (9): 421–32. doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2013.04.001. PMID 23685018.
- ↑ Zattra E Coati I, Alaibac M, Piaserico S (2014). "Kaposi's sarcoma and other rare skin cancers in organ transplant patients". G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 149 (4): 395–400. PMID 25068226.
- ↑ Libre Pathology. Kaposi's sarcoma (2015) http://librepathology.org/wiki/index.php/File:Kaposi_sarcoma_low_intermed_mag.jpg Accessed on January, 19 2016
