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| Common causes of chronic renal failure include [[diabetic nephropathy]], [[hypertension]], and [[glomerulonephritis]]. The commonest cause of stage 5 CKD in the U.S. is diabetes and is characterized by [[proteinuria]] and bilaterally enlarged kidneys. [[Hypertension]] is the second most common cause of Stage 5 CKD in the US, and often co-exists in diabetic patients. | | Common causes of chronic renal failure include [[diabetic nephropathy]], [[hypertension]], and [[glomerulonephritis]]. The commonest cause of stage 5 CKD in the U.S. is diabetes and is characterized by [[proteinuria]] and bilaterally enlarged kidneys. [[Hypertension]] is the second most common cause of Stage 5 CKD in the US, and often co-exists in diabetic patients. |
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| ==Complete list of Causes by Organ System==
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| {|style="width:80%; height:100px" border="1"
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
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| |style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" |[[Malignant hypertension]], [[Systemic hypertension]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Chemical / poisoning'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Arsenic]], [[Bismuth]], [[Mercury]], [[Lead]], [[Nitrosourea compounds]], [[Pentamidine]], [[Radiocontrast agents]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dermatologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Drug Side Effect'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acetominophen]], [[Acyclovir ]], [[Allopurinol]], [[Aminoglycosides]], [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]], [[Anticoagulants]], [[Aspirin]], [[bevacizumab]], [[Bismuth]], [[Cisplatin]], [[Carboplatin]], [[Carbon tetrachloride]], [[Carmustine]], [[Celecoxib]], [[Chloroquine]], [[Cimetidine]], [[Cocaine]], [[Cyclosporine]], [[Erythromycin]],[[Esomeprazole ]], [[Foscarnet]], [[Fenofibrate]], [[Furosemide]], [[Gentamicin]], [[Gemfibrozil]], [[Hydroxychloroquine]],[[Ibuprofen]], [[Indinavir]], [[Infliximab ]], [[Ifosfamide]], [[Isoniazid]], [[Lansoprazole ]], [[Laxatives]], [[Lithium]],[[Lomustine]], [[Methicillin]], [[Mitomycin C]], [[Mesalamine]], [[Naproxen]], [[Interferons]], [[Omeprazole ]], [[Pamidronate]],[[Pantoprazole ]], [[Penicillin]], [[Phenytoin ]], [[Propylthiouracil]], [[Quinine]], [[Rabeprazole]], [[Rifampicin]], [[Sulfa-containing antibiotics]], [[Sulfonamides]], [[Tacrolimus]], [[Tenofovir]], [[Thiazides]],[[Trimethadione ]], [[Vancomycin]]
| |
| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Ear Nose Throat'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Endocrine'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Environmental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Gastroenterologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Genetic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Alport's syndrome]], [[Balkan endemic nephropathy]], [[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]], [[Alström syndrome]], [[Barakat syndrome]], [[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]], [[Fabry's Disease]], [[Alport's syndrome|Hereditary Nephritis]], [[Jeune's disease]], [[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]], [[Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]], [[Loken Senior syndrome]], [[Lowe syndrome]], [[Nail-Patella Syndrome]],[[Papillorenal syndrome]], [[Polycystic kidney disease]], [[Sickle cell disease]], [[Townes-Brocks syndrome]], [[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]],[[Vesicoureteral reflux]], [[X-linked hypophosphatemia]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Hematologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Acute intermittent porphyria]], [[Light chain disease]], [[Myeloma]], [[Normocytic normochromic anemia]], [[Renal vein thrombosis]], [[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Iatrogenic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Infectious Disease'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Chronic pyelonephritis]], [[Schistosoma haematobium]], [[Tuberculosis]], [[Hantavirus]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Musculoskeletal / Ortho'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Neurologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Nutritional / Metabolic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Calcium phosphate|Calcium phosphate deposition]], [[cystinosis]], [[Diabetic nephropathy]], [[Fabry's disease]], [[Hyperkalemia]],[[Hyperlipidemia]], [[Hyperoxaluria]], [[Hyperphosphatemia]], [[Metabolic acidosis]], [[Oxalosis]], [[X-linked hypophosphatemia]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Oncologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Metastatic prostate cancer]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Opthalmologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Overdose / Toxicity'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Psychiatric'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Pulmonary'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Goodpasture’s syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Renal / Electrolyte'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Analgesic nephropathy]], [[Alport's syndrome]], [[Balkan endemic nephropathy]], [[Chronic Glomerulonephritis]],[[Chronic Pyelonephritis]], [[Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome]], [[Diabetic nephropathy]], [[Goodpasture’s syndrome]], [[Focal glomerulosclerosis]], [[Glomerulosclerosis]], [[Hypertensive nephrosclerosis ]], [[Alport's syndrome|Hereditary Nephritis]], [[IgA nephropathy]],[[Interstitial Nephritis]], [[Lupus nephritis]], [[Papillorenal syndrome]], [[Polycystic kidney disease]],[[Medullary cystic kidney disease]], [[Medullary sponge kidney]], [[Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis]], [[Membranous nephritis]], [[Nephrolithiasis]],[[Nephrosclerosis]], [[Obstructive uropathy]], [[Proteinuria]], [[Reflux nephropathy]], [[Renal artery stenosis]], [[Renal tubular acidosis|Type IV renal tubular acidosis]], [[Vesicoureteral reflux]], [[Pyelonephritis|Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Rheum / Immune / Allergy'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Goodpasture’s syndrome]], [[Lupus nephritis]], [[Rheumatoid arthritis]], [[Scleroderma]], [[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]], [[Systemic sclerosis]], [[Vasculitis]], [[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Sexual'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]], [[Denys-Drash syndrome]], [[Metastatic prostate cancer ]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Trauma'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Urologic'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| [[Obstructive uropathy]], [[Reflux nephropathy]], [[Hydronephrosis]]
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Dental'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
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| |-
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| |-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
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| | '''Miscellaneous'''
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| |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Amyloidosis]], [[Chronic inflammation]], [[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
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| |-
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| |}
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|
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| ===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
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| {{MultiCol}}
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| *[[Acetominophen]]
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| *[[Acute intermittent porphyria]]
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| *[[Acyclovir ]]
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| *[[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]]
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| *[[Allopurinol]]
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| *[[Alport's syndrome]]
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| *[[Alström syndrome]]
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| *[[Aminoglycosides]]
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| *[[Amyloidosis]]
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| *[[Analgesic nephropathy]]
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| *[[Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors]]
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| *[[Anticoagulants]]
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| *[[Aspirin]]
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| *[[Balkan endemic nephropathy]]
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| *[[Barakat syndrome]]
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| *[[Bardet-Biedl syndrome]]
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| *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
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| *[[Bevacizumab]]
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| *[[Bismuth]]
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| *[[Calcium phosphate|Calcium phosphate deposition]]
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| *[[Carbon tetrachloride ]]
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| *[[Carboplatin]]
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| *[[Carmustine]]
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| *[[Celecoxib]]
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| *[[Chloroquine]]
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| *[[Chronic Glomerulonephritis]]
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| *[[Chronic inflammation]]
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| *[[Chronic Pyelonephritis]]
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| *[[Cimetidine]]
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| *[[Cisplatin]]
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| *[[Cocaine]]
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| *[[Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome]]
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| *[[Cyclosporine]]
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| *[[Cystinosis]]
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| *[[Denys-Drash syndrome]]
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| *[[Diabetic nephropathy]]
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| *[[Erythromycin]]
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| *[[Esomeprazole ]]
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| *[[Fabry's Disease]]
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| *[[Fenofibrate]]
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| *[[Furosemide]]
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| *[[Focal glomerulosclerosis]]
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| *[[Foscarnet]]
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| *[[Gemfibrozil]]
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| *[[Gentamicin]]
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| *[[Glomerulosclerosis]]
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| *[[Goodpasture’s syndrome]]
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| *[[Hantavirus]]
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| *[[Hemolytic uremic syndrome]]
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| *[[Alport's syndrome|Hereditary Nephritis]]
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| *[[Hydroxychloroquine]]
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| *[[Hyperkalemia]]
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| *[[Hyperlipidemia]]
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| *[[Hyperoxaluria]]
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| *[[Hyperphosphatemia]]
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| *[[Hypertensive nephrosclerosis ]]
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| *[[Ibuprofen]]
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| *[[Idiopathic multicentric osteolysis]]
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| *[[IgA nephropathy]]
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| *[[Indinavir]]
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| *[[Infliximab ]]
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| *[[Interstitial Nephritis]]
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| *[[Ifosfamide]]
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| *[[Isoniazid]]
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| *[[Jeune's disease|Jeune's thoracic dystrophy syndrome]]
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| *[[Lansoprazole ]]
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| *[[Laxatives]]
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| *[[Lead]]
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| *[[Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency]]
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| *[[Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]]
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| *[[Light chain disease]]
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| *[[Lithium]]
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| {{ColBreak}}
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| *[[Loken Senior syndrome]]
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| *[[Lomustine]]
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| *[[Lowe syndrome]]
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| *[[Lupus nephritis]]
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| *[[Malignant hypertension]]
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| *[[Medullary cystic kidney disease]]
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| *[[Medullary sponge kidney]]
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| *[[Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis]]
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| *[[Membranous nephritis]]
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| *[[Metabolic acidosis]]
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| *[[Metastatic prostate cancer ]]
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| *[[Methicillin]]
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| *[[Mesalamine]]
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| *[[Mitomycin C]]
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| *[[Myeloma]]
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| *[[Nail-Patella Syndrome]]
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| *[[Naproxen]]
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| *[[Nephrolithiasis]]
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| *[[Nephrosclerosis]]
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| *[[Nitrosourea compounds]]
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| *[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]]
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| *[[Interferons]]
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| *[[Obstructive uropathy]]
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| *[[Omeprazole ]]
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| *[[Oxalosis]]
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| *[[Pamidronate]]
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| *[[Pantoprazole ]]
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| *[[Papillorenal syndrome]]
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| *[[Penicillin]]
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| *[[Pentamidine]]
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| *[[Phenytoin ]]
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| *[[Polycystic kidney disease]]
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| *[[Propylthiouracil]]
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| *[[Proteinuria]]
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| *[[Quinine]]
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| *[[Rabeprazole]]
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| *[[Radiocontrast agents]]
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| *[[Reflux nephropathy]]
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| *[[Renal artery stenosis]]
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| *[[Renal vein thrombosis]]
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| *[[Rheumatoid arthritis]]
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| *[[Rifampicin]]
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| *[[Schistosoma haematobium]]
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| *[[Scleroderma]]
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| *[[Sickle cell disease ]]
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| *[[Sulfa-containing antibiotics]]
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| *[[Sulfonamides]]
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| *[[Systemic hypertension]]
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| *[[Systemic Lupus Erythematosus]]
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| *[[Systemic sclerosis]]
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| *[[Tacrolimus]]
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| *[[Tenofovir]]
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| *[[Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura]]
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| *[[Thiazides]]
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| *[[Townes-Brocks syndrome]]
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| *[[Trimethadione ]]
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| *[[Tuberculosis]]
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| *[[Renal tubular acidosis|Type IV renal tubular acidosis]]
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| *[[Vancomycin]]
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| *[[Vasculitis]]
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| *[[Vesicoureteral reflux]]
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| *[[Wegener's granulomatosis]]
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| *[[Pyelonephritis|Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis]]
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| *[[X-linked hypophosphatemia]]
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| *[[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1]]
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| {{EndMultiCol}}
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| ==References== | | ==References== |