Kaposi's sarcoma pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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{{Kaposi's sarcoma}} | {{Kaposi's sarcoma}} | ||
{{CMG}} | {{CMG}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Pathophysiology== | |||
Despite its name, it is generally not considered a true [[sarcoma]], which is a tumor arising from [[mesenchyme|mesenchymal tissue]]. KS actually arises as a cancer of [[lymphatic]] [[endothelium]] and forms vascular channels that fill with blood cells, giving the tumor its characteristic bruise-like appearance. [[Image:Kaposi's sarcoma patho.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Micrograph]] of a Kaposi's sarcoma showing the characteristic spindle cells, high [[vascular]]ity and [[intracellular]] [[hyaline]] globs. [[H&E stain]].]] | Despite its name, it is generally not considered a true [[sarcoma]], which is a tumor arising from [[mesenchyme|mesenchymal tissue]]. KS actually arises as a cancer of [[lymphatic]] [[endothelium]] and forms vascular channels that fill with blood cells, giving the tumor its characteristic bruise-like appearance. [[Image:Kaposi's sarcoma patho.jpg|thumb|200px|left|[[Micrograph]] of a Kaposi's sarcoma showing the characteristic spindle cells, high [[vascular]]ity and [[intracellular]] [[hyaline]] globs. [[H&E stain]].]] | ||
KS lesions contain tumor [[cell (biology)|cells]] with a characteristic abnormal elongated shape, called ''spindle cells''. The tumor is highly [[Blood vessel|vascular]], containing abnormally dense and irregular blood vessels, which leak red blood cells into the surrounding tissue and give the tumor its dark color. [[Inflammation]] around the tumor may produce swelling and pain. | KS lesions contain tumor [[cell (biology)|cells]] with a characteristic abnormal elongated shape, called ''spindle cells''. The tumor is highly [[Blood vessel|vascular]], containing abnormally dense and irregular blood vessels, which leak red blood cells into the surrounding tissue and give the tumor its dark color. [[Inflammation]] around the tumor may produce swelling and pain. | ||
Although KS may be suspected from the appearance of lesions and the patient's risk factors, definite diagnosis can be made only by [[biopsy]] and microscopic examination, which will show the presence of spindle cells. Detection of the KSHV protein [[LANA]] in tumor cells confirms the diagnosis. | |||
===Transmission=== | |||
In Europe and North America, KSHV is transmitted through saliva. Thus, kissing is a theoretical risk factor for transmission. Higher rates of transmission among gay and bisexual men have been attributed to "deep kissing" sexual partners with KSHV.<ref>http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/343/19/1369</ref> Another alternative theory suggests that use of saliva as a sexual lubricant might be a major mode for transmission. Prudent advice is to use commercial lubricants when needed and avoid deep kissing with partners with KSHV infection or whose status is unknown. | |||
KSHV is transmissible during organ transplantation | |||
<ref name="bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org">http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/cgi/content/full/90/7/2826</ref> and to a lesser extent through blood transfusion.<ref>http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/abstract/355/13/1331</ref> Testing for the virus before these procedures is likely to effectively limit [[iatrogenic]] transmission. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
[[Category:Disease]] | [[Category:Disease]] | ||
[[Category:HIV/AIDS]] | [[Category:HIV/AIDS]] | ||
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[[Category:Infectious disease]] | [[Category:Infectious disease]] | ||
[[Category:Mature chapter]] | [[Category:Mature chapter]] | ||
[[Category:Needs overview]] | |||
{{WH}} | |||
{{WS}} | |||
Revision as of 14:55, 29 November 2012
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Kaposi's sarcoma Microchapters |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma pathophysiology |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Pathophysiology
Despite its name, it is generally not considered a true sarcoma, which is a tumor arising from mesenchymal tissue. KS actually arises as a cancer of lymphatic endothelium and forms vascular channels that fill with blood cells, giving the tumor its characteristic bruise-like appearance.
KS lesions contain tumor cells with a characteristic abnormal elongated shape, called spindle cells. The tumor is highly vascular, containing abnormally dense and irregular blood vessels, which leak red blood cells into the surrounding tissue and give the tumor its dark color. Inflammation around the tumor may produce swelling and pain.
Although KS may be suspected from the appearance of lesions and the patient's risk factors, definite diagnosis can be made only by biopsy and microscopic examination, which will show the presence of spindle cells. Detection of the KSHV protein LANA in tumor cells confirms the diagnosis.
Transmission
In Europe and North America, KSHV is transmitted through saliva. Thus, kissing is a theoretical risk factor for transmission. Higher rates of transmission among gay and bisexual men have been attributed to "deep kissing" sexual partners with KSHV.[1] Another alternative theory suggests that use of saliva as a sexual lubricant might be a major mode for transmission. Prudent advice is to use commercial lubricants when needed and avoid deep kissing with partners with KSHV infection or whose status is unknown.
KSHV is transmissible during organ transplantation [2] and to a lesser extent through blood transfusion.[3] Testing for the virus before these procedures is likely to effectively limit iatrogenic transmission.