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* In 1880, Ivar Sandström, a Swedish anatomist, described parathyroids in human following 50 autopsies. He found tow parathyroid glands bilaterally in 43 out of 50 autopsies.<ref name="pmid25913489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johansson H |title=The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland |journal=Ups. J. Med. Sci. |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=72–7 |year=2015 |pmid=25913489 |pmc=4463479 |doi=10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426 |url=}}</ref> | * In 1880, Ivar Sandström, a Swedish anatomist, described parathyroids in human following 50 autopsies. He found tow parathyroid glands bilaterally in 43 out of 50 autopsies.<ref name="pmid25913489">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johansson H |title=The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland |journal=Ups. J. Med. Sci. |volume=120 |issue=2 |pages=72–7 |year=2015 |pmid=25913489 |pmc=4463479 |doi=10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In 1924, James Bertram Collip, a Canadian biochemist, discovered and extracted parathormone.<ref>{{cite journal |author = Collip, J. B.|title = THE EXTRACTION OF A PARATHYROID HORMONE WHICH WILL PREVENT OR CONTROL PARATHYROID TETANY AND WHICH REGULATES THE LEVEL OF BLOOD CALCIUM|volume = 63|number = 2|pages = 395-438|year = 1925|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/63/2/395.short|journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref> In the same year, J. B. Collip along with D. B. Leitch treated tetany with the help of parathyroid hormone extract. They names the extract as Parathyrin.<ref name="pmid20315252">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collip JB, Leitch DB |title=A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin |journal=Can Med Assoc J |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=59–60 |year=1925 |pmid=20315252 |pmc=1707993 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | * In 1924, James Bertram Collip, a Canadian biochemist, discovered and extracted parathormone.<ref>{{cite journal |author = Collip, J. B.|title = THE EXTRACTION OF A PARATHYROID HORMONE WHICH WILL PREVENT OR CONTROL PARATHYROID TETANY AND WHICH REGULATES THE LEVEL OF BLOOD CALCIUM|volume = 63|number = 2|pages = 395-438|year = 1925|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/63/2/395.short|journal = Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref> In the same year, J. B. Collip along with D. B. Leitch treated tetany with the help of parathyroid hormone extract. They names the extract as Parathyrin.<ref name="pmid20315252">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collip JB, Leitch DB |title=A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin |journal=Can Med Assoc J |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=59–60 |year=1925 |pmid=20315252 |pmc=1707993 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In 1948, Nigel Ashworth Barnicot, an English anthropologist was the first to discover association between parathyroid hormone and bone resorption.<ref name="pmid18113751">{{cite journal |vauthors=BARNICOT NA |title=The local action of the parathyroid and other tissues on bone in intracerebral grafts |journal=J. Anat. |volume=82 |issue=Pt. 4 |pages=233–48 |year=1948 |pmid=18113751 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In the same year, Iftakhar Jahan and Robert F. Pitts described effect of parathyroid hormone in decreasing calcium and magnesium excretion.<ref name="pmid18102666">{{cite journal |vauthors=JAHAN I, PITTS RF |title=Effect of parathyroid on renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and calcium |journal=Am. J. Physiol. |volume=155 |issue=1 |pages=42–9 |year=1948 |pmid=18102666 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | |||
* In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified parathyroid hormone.<ref name="RasmussenCraig1959">{{cite journal|last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title=PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=81|issue=18|year=1959|pages=5003–5003|issn=0002-7863|doi=10.1021/ja01527a066}}</ref> They also isolated the active polypeptide (parathormone B) from bovine parathyroid gland and gave its tentative formula in 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal||last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title = Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands|volume = 236| number = 4|pages = 1083-1086|year = 1961|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/236/4/1083.short|journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref> | * In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified parathyroid hormone.<ref name="RasmussenCraig1959">{{cite journal|last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title=PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=81|issue=18|year=1959|pages=5003–5003|issn=0002-7863|doi=10.1021/ja01527a066}}</ref> They also isolated the active polypeptide (parathormone B) from bovine parathyroid gland and gave its tentative formula in 1961.<ref>{{Cite journal||last1=Rasmussen|first1=Howard|last2=Craig|first2=Lyman C.|title = Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands|volume = 236| number = 4|pages = 1083-1086|year = 1961|URL = http://www.jbc.org/content/236/4/1083.short|journal = {Journal of Biological Chemistry}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 16:06, 10 August 2017
Hyperparathyroidism Microchapters |
Diagnosis |
---|
Treatment |
Case Studies |
Sandbox : anmol On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- In 1852, Sir Richard Owen, Hunterian Professor and Conservator of the Museum in the Royal College of Surgeons of England, described parathyroids in rhinoceros.[1]
- In 1880, Ivar Sandström, a Swedish anatomist, described parathyroids in human following 50 autopsies. He found tow parathyroid glands bilaterally in 43 out of 50 autopsies.[2]
- In 1924, James Bertram Collip, a Canadian biochemist, discovered and extracted parathormone.[3] In the same year, J. B. Collip along with D. B. Leitch treated tetany with the help of parathyroid hormone extract. They names the extract as Parathyrin.[4]
- In 1948, Nigel Ashworth Barnicot, an English anthropologist was the first to discover association between parathyroid hormone and bone resorption.[5]
- In the same year, Iftakhar Jahan and Robert F. Pitts described effect of parathyroid hormone in decreasing calcium and magnesium excretion.[6]
- In 1959, Howard Rasmussen and Lyman C. Craig at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research purified parathyroid hormone.[7] They also isolated the active polypeptide (parathormone B) from bovine parathyroid gland and gave its tentative formula in 1961.[8]
- [Disease name] was first dicovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
- The association between [important risk factor/cause] and [disease name] was made in/during [year/event].
- In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of [disease name].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
Outbreaks
- There have been several outbreaks of [disease name], which are summarized below:
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- In [year], [diagnostic test/therapy] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
Impact on Cultural History
Famous Cases
- The following are a few famous cases of disease name:
References
- ↑ Modarai B, Sawyer A, Ellis H (2004). "The glands of Owen". J R Soc Med. 97 (10): 494–5. doi:10.1258/jrsm.97.10.494. PMC 1079622. PMID 15459265.
- ↑ Johansson H (2015). "The Uppsala anatomist Ivar Sandström and the parathyroid gland". Ups. J. Med. Sci. 120 (2): 72–7. doi:10.3109/03009734.2015.1027426. PMC 4463479. PMID 25913489.
- ↑ Collip, J. B. (1925). "THE EXTRACTION OF A PARATHYROID HORMONE WHICH WILL PREVENT OR CONTROL PARATHYROID TETANY AND WHICH REGULATES THE LEVEL OF BLOOD CALCIUM". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 63 (2): 395–438.
- ↑ Collip JB, Leitch DB (1925). "A Case of Tetany treated with Parathyrin". Can Med Assoc J. 15 (1): 59–60. PMC 1707993. PMID 20315252.
- ↑ BARNICOT NA (1948). "The local action of the parathyroid and other tissues on bone in intracerebral grafts". J. Anat. 82 (Pt. 4): 233–48. PMID 18113751.
- ↑ JAHAN I, PITTS RF (1948). "Effect of parathyroid on renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate and calcium". Am. J. Physiol. 155 (1): 42–9. PMID 18102666.
- ↑ Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1959). "PURIFICATION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE BY USE OF COUNTERCURRENT DISTRIBUTION". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 81 (18): 5003–5003. doi:10.1021/ja01527a066. ISSN 0002-7863.
- ↑ Rasmussen, Howard; Craig, Lyman C. (1961). "Isolation of a Parathyroid Polypeptide from Acetic Acid Extracts of Bovine Parathyroid Glands". {Journal of Biological Chemistry. 236 (4): 1083–1086.