Diabetes mellitus type 2 physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Usually patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 have normal physical examination findings unless complications develop in these patients. Common physical examination findings include, pigmented skin patches and acanthosis nigricans. | Usually patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 have normal physical examination findings unless complications develop in these patients. Common physical examination findings include, pigmented skin patches and [[acanthosis nigricans]]. | ||
==Physical examination== | ==Physical examination== | ||
Usually patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 have normal physical examination findings unless complications develop in these patients.<ref name="pmid22873534">{{cite journal |vauthors=Inzucchi SE |title=Clinical practice. Diagnosis of diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=367 |issue=6 |pages=542–50 |year=2012 |pmid=22873534 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1103643 |url=}}</ref> | Usually patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 have normal physical examination findings unless complications develop in these patients.<ref name="pmid22873534">{{cite journal |vauthors=Inzucchi SE |title=Clinical practice. Diagnosis of diabetes |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=367 |issue=6 |pages=542–50 |year=2012 |pmid=22873534 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1103643 |url=}}</ref> | ||
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Patients are usually well-appearing. | Patients are usually well-appearing. | ||
===Vital signs=== | ===Vital signs=== | ||
High blood pressure with normal pulse pressure may be find. | [[Hypertension|High blood pressure]] with normal pulse pressure may be find. | ||
===Skin=== | ===Skin=== | ||
*Pigmented pretibial patches is seen in half of diabetic patients and it is associated to microangiopathic complications. | *[[Pigmented lesions|Pigmented]] pretibial patches is seen in half of diabetic patients and it is associated to microangiopathic complications. | ||
*Acanthosis nigricans, is a sign for insulin resistance. | *[[Acanthosis nigricans]], is a sign for [[insulin resistance]]. | ||
===HEENT=== | ===HEENT=== | ||
Periorbital edema is a finding in patients with diabetic nephropathy. | [[Periorbital edema]] is a finding in patients with [[diabetic nephropathy]]. | ||
===Neck=== | ===Neck=== | ||
Carotid bruits may be auscultated unilaterally using the bell of the stethoscope is a sign in patients with atherosclerosis. | [[Carotid bruits]] may be auscultated unilaterally using the bell of the stethoscope is a sign in patients with [[atherosclerosis]]. | ||
===Lungs=== | ===Lungs=== | ||
Normal auscultation. | Normal [[auscultation]]. | ||
===Heart=== | ===Heart=== | ||
Normal findings unless complications occur which may lead to heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF). | Normal findings unless complications occur which may lead to [[heart failure with preserved EF]] (HFpEF). | ||
===Abdomen=== | ===Abdomen=== | ||
Normal physical examination findings. | Normal physical examination findings. | ||
===Extremities=== | ===Extremities=== | ||
Signs of pretibial or ankle edema are findings in late diabetes. | Signs of [[pretibial myxedema]] or [[ankle edema]] are findings in late diabetes. | ||
===Neuromuscular=== | ===Neuromuscular=== | ||
*Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time | *Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time | ||
*Bilateral sensory loss in the upper and lower extremities may develop as neuropathy progresses. | *Bilateral [[sensory loss]] in the upper and lower extremities may develop as [[neuropathy]] progresses. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} |
Revision as of 15:52, 21 March 2017
Diabetes mellitus type 2 Microchapters |
Differentiating Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 from other Diseases |
Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Medical therapy |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Usually patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 have normal physical examination findings unless complications develop in these patients. Common physical examination findings include, pigmented skin patches and acanthosis nigricans.
Physical examination
Usually patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 have normal physical examination findings unless complications develop in these patients.[1]
Appearance of the patient
Patients are usually well-appearing.
Vital signs
High blood pressure with normal pulse pressure may be find.
Skin
- Pigmented pretibial patches is seen in half of diabetic patients and it is associated to microangiopathic complications.
- Acanthosis nigricans, is a sign for insulin resistance.
HEENT
Periorbital edema is a finding in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Neck
Carotid bruits may be auscultated unilaterally using the bell of the stethoscope is a sign in patients with atherosclerosis.
Lungs
Normal auscultation.
Heart
Normal findings unless complications occur which may lead to heart failure with preserved EF (HFpEF).
Abdomen
Normal physical examination findings.
Extremities
Signs of pretibial myxedema or ankle edema are findings in late diabetes.
Neuromuscular
- Patient is usually oriented to persons, place, and time
- Bilateral sensory loss in the upper and lower extremities may develop as neuropathy progresses.
References
- ↑ Inzucchi SE (2012). "Clinical practice. Diagnosis of diabetes". N. Engl. J. Med. 367 (6): 542–50. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1103643. PMID 22873534.