Diabetes mellitus type 2 epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is well studied in the United States and other developed countries. However, worldwide there is a large variation in the results of the population studies in developing countries and particularly in rural areas with poor access to healthcare. For this reason, diabetes is estimated to be undiagnosed in approximately 50% of adults worldwide. In the United States, African Americans, Mexican Americans, American Indians and non-Hispanic blacks are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to non-Hispanic Whites. It is more prevalent among those older than 65 years, although there is a growing tend of childhood-onset of the disease. In 2011, 335 million people are estimated to have type 2 diabetes and that number is on a trajectory to reach over 500 million people by 2050. These figures correlate with a prevalence of approximately 5000 and 7500 per 100,000 in 2011 and 2050, respectively. Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among men than women and in countries with low to mid income levels compared to high income level countries. It is classified as a global epidemic that is growing in parallel to massive urbanization. | |||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Dima Nimri, M.D. [2]
Overview
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is well studied in the United States and other developed countries. However, worldwide there is a large variation in the results of the population studies in developing countries and particularly in rural areas with poor access to healthcare. For this reason, diabetes is estimated to be undiagnosed in approximately 50% of adults worldwide. In the United States, African Americans, Mexican Americans, American Indians and non-Hispanic blacks are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to non-Hispanic Whites. It is more prevalent among those older than 65 years, although there is a growing tend of childhood-onset of the disease. In 2011, 335 million people are estimated to have type 2 diabetes and that number is on a trajectory to reach over 500 million people by 2050. These figures correlate with a prevalence of approximately 5000 and 7500 per 100,000 in 2011 and 2050, respectively. Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among men than women and in countries with low to mid income levels compared to high income level countries. It is classified as a global epidemic that is growing in parallel to massive urbanization.
Epidemiology
Prevalence
In 2011, about 336 million people had type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide. This is approximately 5,000 per 100,000. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the U.S is estimated at 7000 to 9,300 per 100,000[1]. Approximately 20% of the population over age 65 have type 2 DM.
Incidence
In the United States, approximately 4100 people are diagnosed with diabetes. 90-95% of these are type 2 diabetes diagnoses.[2]
Demographics
Age
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is approximately 20% among people older than 65 years old, compared to a prevalence of approximately 5% in the general population.
Gender
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is more prevalent in males than females with a ratio of 1.1:1.
Race
In the United States, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is highest among American Indians and Alaska Natives, followed by non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans. The lowest incidence of diabetes in the United States is among the non-Hispanic whites[3][1].
Socioeconomic Status
The prevalence of type 2 DM is higher among those with low socioeconomic status. Approximately 75% of patients with diabetes live in low to middle income countries.
Geographic Distribution
The global distribution of diabetes mellitus is reported by the international diabetes foundation. While prevalence of type 2 diabetes is not specifically reported, they do report that the vast majority of diabetes cases are type 2. Additionally, the IDF reports the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance which alludes to the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes.
Region | Prevalence of Diabetes (per 100,000) | Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance (per 100,000) |
---|---|---|
Africa | 3200 | 7900 |
Europe | 9100 | 4800 |
Middle East and North Africa | 9100 | 7800 |
North America and Caribbean | 12900 | 15000 |
South and Central America | 9400 | 7900 |
Southeast Asia | 8500 | 4600 |
Western Pacific | 9300 | 6200 |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 National Diabetes Statistics Report 2014 http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/statsreport14/national-diabetes-report-web.pdf. Accessed on Nov 19, 2016
- ↑ Zimmet, P., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Shaw, J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001, 414, 782-787.
- ↑ Selvin E, Parrinello CM, Sacks DB, Coresh J (2014). "Trends in prevalence and control of diabetes in the United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2010". Ann. Intern. Med. 160 (8): 517–25. doi:10.7326/M13-2411. PMC 4442608. PMID 24733192.