Metabolic alkalosis risk factors: Difference between revisions

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{{Metabolic alkalosis}}
{{Metabolic alkalosis}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MMT}}
==Overview==
==Overview==
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].


OR
Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and gitelman Disease.
 
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
 
OR
 
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.


==Risk Factors==
==Risk Factors==
*There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
*Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and Gitelman Disease.
OR
*The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].


*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
===Common Risk Factors===
===Common Risk Factors===
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
*Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis in patients who have conditions include:
*Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
**[[Vomiting]] (most commonly seen in [[pyloric stenosis]]), [[Nasogastric tube|NG suction]]
**[Risk factor 1]
**[[Diuretic|Diuretics]]: [[Loop diuretic|Loop]] and [[thiazide diuretics]].
**[Risk factor 2]
**[[Diarrhea]]
**[Risk factor 3]
**[[Cystic fibrosis]].<ref name="pmid7618650">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pedroli G, Liechti-Gallati S, Mauri S, Birrer P, Kraemer R, Foletti-Jäggi C, Bianchetti MG |title=Chronic metabolic alkalosis: not uncommon in young children with severe cystic fibrosis |journal=Am J Nephrol |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=245–50 |date=1995 |pmid=7618650 |doi=10.1159/000168839 |url=}}</ref>
**Dietary [[potassium]] depletion.<ref name="pmid8648937">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sabatini S |title=The cellular basis of metabolic alkalosis |journal=Kidney Int |volume=49 |issue=3 |pages=906–17 |date=March 1996 |pmid=8648937 |doi=10.1038/ki.1996.125 |url=}}</ref>
**[[Primary Hyperaldosteronism|Primary hyperaldosteronism]]: [[Conn syndrome]] or [[adenoma]], [[hyperplasia]], [[carcinoma]], [[renin]] or [[glucocorticoid]] responsive.
**[[Secondary hyperaldosteronism]]: [[Renovascular hypertension|Reno vascular hypertension]], [[edema]] ([[cirrhosis]], [[heart failure]], [[Nephrotic syndrome|nephrotic syndrome)]], [[Juxtaglomerular apparatus|juxtaglomerular cell]]([[Renin-secreting tumors|renin producing) tumor]], [[renal cell carcinoma]], [[nephroblastoma]]
**[[Mineralocorticoid]] excess due to primary decorticosterone excess ([[11β-hydroxylase deficiency|11 beta]], [[17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency|17 alpha hydroxylase deficienc]]<nowiki/>y), [[licorice]]([[glycyrrhetinic acid]]) <ref name="pmid1731223">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lifton RP, Dluhy RG, Powers M, Rich GM, Cook S, Ulick S, Lalouel JM |title=A chimaeric 11 beta-hydroxylase/aldosterone synthase gene causes glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism and human hypertension |journal=Nature |volume=355 |issue=6357 |pages=262–5 |date=January 1992 |pmid=1731223 |doi=10.1038/355262a0 |url=}}
**[[Laxative]]
**[[Chronic kidney disease]]
**[[Hypovolemia]] or [[Diuresis|massive diuresis]] with [[loop diuretics]].
**[[Hypercalcemia]] due to [[Milk-alkali syndrome]] or [[bone metastasis]].
**Massive [[blood transfusion]].
**[[Acetate]] containing [[Colloid|colloid sollution]].
**[[Exogenous]] [[alkali]] admintration.
**Combined [[antacid]] and cation exchange resin administration.
**Sodium [[Penicillin|penicillins]].


===Less Common Risk Factors===
===Less Common Risk Factors===
*Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
*Less common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include:
**[Risk factor 1]
**[[Zollinger-Ellison syndrome|Zollinger-ellison]] syndrome
**[Risk factor 2]
**[[Bulimia nervosa|Bulimia]].<ref name="pmid1928424">{{cite journal |vauthors=Galla JH, Gifford JD, Luke RG, Rome L |title=Adaptations to chloride-depletion alkalosis |journal=Am J Physiol |volume=261 |issue=4 Pt 2 |pages=R771–81 |date=October 1991 |pmid=1928424 |doi=10.1152/ajpregu.1991.261.4.R771 |url=}}</ref>
**[Risk factor 3]
**[[Chloride]] deficient [[Infant formula|infant formula.]]
**[[Villous adenoma]]<ref name="pmid5927076">{{cite journal |vauthors=Babior BM |title=Villous adenoma of the colon. Study of a patient with severe fluid and electrolyte disturbances |journal=Am J Med |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=615–21 |date=October 1966 |pmid=5927076 |doi=10.1016/0002-9343(66)90223-3 |url=}}</ref>
**[[congenital chloride diarrhea]]<ref name="pmid8896562">{{cite journal |vauthors=Höglund P, Haila S, Socha J, Tomaszewski L, Saarialho-Kere U, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Airola K, Holmberg C, de la Chapelle A, Kere J |title=Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea |journal=Nat Genet |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=316–9 |date=November 1996 |pmid=8896562 |doi=10.1038/ng1196-316 |url=}}</ref>
**[[Bartter syndrome|Bartter]] and [[Gitelman syndrome]]. <ref name="pmid9767561">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kurtz I |title=Molecular pathogenesis of Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes |journal=Kidney Int |volume=54 |issue=4 |pages=1396–410 |date=October 1998 |pmid=9767561 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00124.x |url=}}</ref>
**[[Liddle's syndrome|liddle syndrome]]</ref> <ref name="pmid9452995">{{cite journal |vauthors=Warnock DG |title=Liddle syndrome: an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension |journal=Kidney Int |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=18–24 |date=January 1998 |pmid=9452995 |doi=10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00728.x |url=}}</ref>
**[[hemangiopericytoma]]
**Gastrocystoplasty <ref name="pmid7609133">{{cite journal |vauthors=Plawker MW, Rabinowitz SS, Etwaru DJ, Glassberg KI |title=Hypergastrinemia, dysuria-hematuria and metabolic alkalosis: complications associated with gastrocystoplasty |journal=J Urol |volume=154 |issue=2 Pt 1 |pages=546–9 |date=August 1995 |pmid=7609133 |doi=10.1097/00005392-199508000-00066 |url=}}</ref>
**Post hypercapneic [[metabolic alkalosis]].


==References==
==References==

Latest revision as of 03:24, 21 February 2021

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Marufa Marium, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and gitelman Disease.

Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of Metabolic Alkalosis include Vomiting, Milk-alkali syndrome, Severe hypokalemia, Primary hyperaldosterinism, Cushing syndrome, Diuretics use and genetic disease for instances- Bartter and Gitelman Disease.

Common Risk Factors

References

  1. Pedroli G, Liechti-Gallati S, Mauri S, Birrer P, Kraemer R, Foletti-Jäggi C, Bianchetti MG (1995). "Chronic metabolic alkalosis: not uncommon in young children with severe cystic fibrosis". Am J Nephrol. 15 (3): 245–50. doi:10.1159/000168839. PMID 7618650.
  2. Sabatini S (March 1996). "The cellular basis of metabolic alkalosis". Kidney Int. 49 (3): 906–17. doi:10.1038/ki.1996.125. PMID 8648937.
  3. Babior BM (October 1966). "Villous adenoma of the colon. Study of a patient with severe fluid and electrolyte disturbances". Am J Med. 41 (4): 615–21. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(66)90223-3. PMID 5927076.
  4. Höglund P, Haila S, Socha J, Tomaszewski L, Saarialho-Kere U, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Airola K, Holmberg C, de la Chapelle A, Kere J (November 1996). "Mutations of the Down-regulated in adenoma (DRA) gene cause congenital chloride diarrhoea". Nat Genet. 14 (3): 316–9. doi:10.1038/ng1196-316. PMID 8896562.
  5. Kurtz I (October 1998). "Molecular pathogenesis of Bartter's and Gitelman's syndromes". Kidney Int. 54 (4): 1396–410. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00124.x. PMID 9767561.
  6. Warnock DG (January 1998). "Liddle syndrome: an autosomal dominant form of human hypertension". Kidney Int. 53 (1): 18–24. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00728.x. PMID 9452995.
  7. Plawker MW, Rabinowitz SS, Etwaru DJ, Glassberg KI (August 1995). "Hypergastrinemia, dysuria-hematuria and metabolic alkalosis: complications associated with gastrocystoplasty". J Urol. 154 (2 Pt 1): 546–9. doi:10.1097/00005392-199508000-00066. PMID 7609133.

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