Portal vein thrombosis historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]
Overview
Portal vein thrombosis was first discovered by Balfour and Stewart in 1868. In 1868, G201210A mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of portal vein thrombosis. In 1945, Allan Whipple, an american surgeon, first described the treatment of the portal hypertension with shunts. He eventually tried shunts between different mesenteric veins. Finally, he found portocaval shunt as the best choice. In 1980's, researchers have observed that endoscopic sclerotherapy is more efficient than surgical shunting in preventing recurrent variceal bleeding.
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- In 1868, Balfour and Stewart described portal vein thrombosis for the first time.[1]
- In 1868, G201210A mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of portal vein thrombosis.[1]
- In 1319, Mondino de Liuzzi (Mundinus), an Italian surgeon, published the textbook named "Anhotomia" and described the anatomy of liver vascular system for the first time. The book was the most reliable textbook of anatomy for about 200 years and been partially modified by Avicenna (1000 years ago).
- In 1543, Andreas van Wesel (Andrea Vesalio in Latin), Flemish anatomist, described portal system accurately for the first time in his textbook called “De humani corporis fabrica”.[2]
- In 1650, Francis Glisson, a British physician, demonstrated the portal circulation for the first time, using goat as a study model.[3]
- In 1761, Giovani Battista Morgagni, an Italian anatomist, described the characteristics of cirrhotic liver in his precious textbook named "De sedibus and causis morborum per anatomen indagatis".[4]
- In 1819, Renè Laennec, a French physician, coined the term cirrhosis in his textbook, from antique Greek words of "Skirros" (hard, fibrotic) and "Kirrhos" (yellowish). He also mentioned his new invention "stethoscope" in the textbook.[2]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
Shunts therapy
- In 1877, Nicholas Eck, a German physician, did the first portocaval shunt to treat the liver congestion in dogs.[5]
- In 1945, Allan Whipple, an american surgeon,first described the treatment of the portal hypertension with shunts. He eventually tried shunts between different mesenteric veins. Finally, he found portocaval shunt as the best choice.
Variceal bleeding treatment
- In 1985, David Westaby, a British gastroenterologist, postulated that variceal sclerosing therapy is an better option than pharmacotherapy in the treatment of portal hypertension.[6]
- In 1980s, researchers have observed that endoscopic sclerotherapy is more efficient than surgical shunting in preventing recurrent variceal bleeding.[7]
Liver transplantation
- In 1967, Thomas Earl Starzl, an american physician, mentioned that liver transplantation is an effective way to treat both portal vein thrombosis and the underlying hepatic disease.[8]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shaaban H, Shah N, Sidhom I (2014). "Chronic idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis treated with a mesocaval shunt procedure and anticoagulation". Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 30 (3): 211–2. doi:10.1007/s12288-013-0237-4. PMC 4115084. PMID 25114412.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Balducci, Genoveffa; Sterpetti, Antonio V; Ventura, Marco (2016). "A short history of portal hypertension and of its management". Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 31 (3): 541–545. doi:10.1111/jgh.13200. ISSN 0815-9319.
- ↑ Magner, Lois (2005). A history of medicine. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824740740.
- ↑ Nutton, Vivian (2004). Ancient medicine. London New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0415086110.
- ↑ Eck, N V (1877). "On the question of ligature of the portal vein". Voen Med Zh. 130: 1–22.
- ↑ Westaby D, Macdougall BR, Williams R (1985). "Improved survival following injection sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: final analysis of a controlled trial". Hepatology. 5 (5): 827–30. PMID 2993147.
- ↑ Dzeletovic, Ivana; Baron, Todd H. (2012). "History of portal hypertension and endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices". Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 75 (6): 1244–1249. doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.02.052. ISSN 0016-5107.
- ↑ Brettschneider L, Daloze PM, Huguet C, Groth CG, Kashiwagi N, Hutchison DE, Starzl TE (1967). "SUCCESSFUL ORTHOTOPIC TRANSPLANTATION OF LIVER HOMOGRAFTS AFTER EIGHT TO TWENTY-FIVE HOURS PRESERVATION". Surg Forum. 18: 376–378. PMC 3092670. PMID 21572893.