Odynophagia classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]
Overview
There is no established system for the classification of odynophagia. However we can classify them according to area of involvement to approach the cases of odynophagia.
Classification
There is no established system for the classification of odynophagia. However we can classify them according to area of involvement to approach the cases of odynophagia.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]
Odynophagia may be classified according to area of involvement into two groups:
Disorders of esophagus:
Mechanical causes:
Following is the list of disorders which cause pain on swallowing due to mass effect or pressure on esophagus while food passes through it:
- Achalasia cardia
- Esophageal cancer
- Myasthenia gravis
- Botulism
- Goiter
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypothyroidism
- Riedel thyroiditis
- Barrett's oesophagus
- Diverticulum
- Esophageal achalasia
- Esophageal atresia
- Esophageal spasm
- Esophageal stricture
- Fibrosis
- Intramural pseudodiverticulosis
- Peptic stenosis
- Schatzki ring
- Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Brainstem stroke
- Bulbar palsy
- Central vagal nucleus lesion
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Huntington's chorea
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Neuroferritinopathy
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Polyradiculitis
- Syringobulbia
- Vagal disorder
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Poliomyelitis
- Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
- Bronchial carcinoma
- Carcinoma of the vocal tract
- Carotid body tumor
- Esophageal cancer
- Gastric tumors
- Laryngeal cancer
- Leiomyoma
- Bronchial carcinoma
- Esophageal trauma
- Aspiration of foreign body
Inflammatory causes:
Following is the list of disorders which cause pain on swallowing due to irritation of nerves because of inflamed mucosa of esophagus while food passes through it:
- Chemical burns
- Ibandronate
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
- Esophagitis
- Gastritis
- Gastroesophageal reflux
- Crohn's disease
- Eosinophilic esophagitis
- Radiation esophagitis
- Abscesses
- Candidiasis
- Chagas Disease
- Cytomegalovirus
- Esophageal moniliasis
- HIV/AIDS
- Reflux esophagitis
- Typhoid fever
- Allergic swelling
- Behcet's Syndrome
- CREST syndrome
- Dermatomyositis
- Esophageal sarcoidosis
- Inclusion body myositis,
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- Xerostomia
- Alcoholism
Disorders of pharynx
Mechanical causes:
Following is the list of disorders which cause pain on swallowing due to mass effect or pressure on phyarynx while food passes through it:
- Zenkers diverticulum
- Cricopharyngeal spasm
- Oral submucous fibrosis
- Palatoplegia
- Palate cancer
- Supraglottic laryngeal cancer
- Xerostomia
- Agranulocytosis
- Lymphadenopathy
- Elongated styloid process
- Extreme spinal curvature
- Global hystericus
- Schatzki ring
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Brainstem stroke
- Bulbar palsy
- Central hypoglossal nerve paralysis
- Central vagal nucleus lesion
- Cerebrovascular accident
- Guillain-Barre syndrome
- Huntington's chorea
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome
- Neuroferritinopathy
- Peripheral neuropathy
- Polyradiculitis
- Vagal disorder
- Diabetic neuropathy
- Bronchial carcinoma
- Carcinoma of the vocal tract
- Hypopharyngeal cancer
- Laryngeal cancer
- Leiomyoma
- Oral cancer
- Palate cancer
- Supraglottic laryngeal cancer
Inflammatory causes:
Following is the list of disorders which cause pain on swallowing due to irritation of nerves because of inflamed mucosa of phyranx while food passes through it:
- Pharyngitis
- Tonsillitis
- Laryngitis
- Epiglottitis
- Glossitis
- Retropharyngeal absces
- Acute pharyngitis
- Adenoiditis
- Angina tonsillaris
- Diphtheria
- Herpangina
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Herpes stomatitis
- Mononucleosis
- Mumps
- Oral candidiasis
- Paracoccidioidomycosis
- Poliomyelitis
- Scarlet Fever
- Tonsillar abscess
- Tooth infection
References
- ↑ Miranda C, Jaker MA, Fitzhugh-Kull VA, Dever LL (2018). "Oropharyngeal histoplasmosis: The diagnosis lies in the biopsy". IDCases. 11: 33–35. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2017.12.005. PMC 5738199. PMID 29276680.
- ↑ Jalisi S, Jamal BT, Grillone GA (2017). "Surgical Management of Long-standing Eagle's Syndrome". Ann Maxillofac Surg. 7 (2): 232–236. doi:10.4103/ams.ams_53_17. PMC 5717900. PMID 29264291.
- ↑ Jalisi S, Sakai O, Jamal BT, Mardirossian V (2017). "Features of Prevertebral Disease in Patients Presenting to a Head and Neck Surgery Clinic with Neck Pain". Ann Maxillofac Surg. 7 (2): 228–231. doi:10.4103/ams.ams_54_17. PMC 5717899. PMID 29264290.
- ↑ Marques S, Carmo J, Pinto D, Bispo M, Ramos S, Chagas C (2017). "Cytomegalovirus Disease of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A 10-Year Retrospective Study". GE Port J Gastroenterol. 24 (6): 262–268. doi:10.1159/000479232. PMC 5731150. PMID 29255766.
- ↑ Rama-López J, Tomás-Fernandez M, García-Garza C, Martínez-Madrigal M (2018). "Pharyngeal perforation after anterior cervical spine surgery treated by transoral endoscopic surgery". Head Neck. 40 (2): E13–E16. doi:10.1002/hed.25030. PMID 29206327.
- ↑ Kato MG, Isaac MJ, Gillespie MB, O'Rourke AK (2018). "The Incidence and Characterization of Globus Sensation, Dysphagia, and Odynophagia Following Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea". J Clin Sleep Med. 14 (1): 127–132. doi:10.5664/jcsm.6898. PMC 5734881. PMID 29198289.
- ↑ Teixeira C, Alves AL, Cremers I (2018). "Esophageal lichen planus: a rare case". Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 110 (1): 67–68. doi:10.17235/reed.2017.5332/2017. PMID 29168645.
- ↑ Chen L, Lai Y, Dong L, Kang S, Chen X (2017). "Polysaccharides from Citrus grandis L. Osbeck suppress inflammation and relieve chronic pharyngitis". Microb Pathog. 113: 365–371. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.018. PMID 29146495.
- ↑ Kim YJ, Park JY, Choi KY, Moon BJ, Lee JK (2017). "Case reports about an overlooked cause of neck pain: calcific tendinitis of the longus colli: Case reports". Medicine (Baltimore). 96 (46): e8343. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008343. PMC 5704790. PMID 29145245.
- ↑ Alamoudi U, Al-Sayed AA, AlSallumi Y, Rigby MH, Taylor SM, Hart RD; et al. (2017). "Acute calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle masquerading as a retropharyngeal abscess: A case report and review of the literature". Int J Surg Case Rep. 41: 343–346. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.10.063. PMC 5686463. PMID 29145108.
- ↑ Sopeña B, Limeres J, García-Caballero L, Diniz-Freitas M, Seoane J, Diz P (2018). "A Dramatic Case of Odynophagia". Dysphagia. 33 (1): 133–135. doi:10.1007/s00455-017-9861-8. PMID 29128948.
- ↑ Fukuda S, Watanabe N, Domen T, Ishioka M, Sawaguchi M, Ohba R; et al. (2018). "A case of esophageal actinomycosis with a unique morphology presenting as a refractory ulcer". Clin J Gastroenterol. 11 (1): 38–41. doi:10.1007/s12328-017-0797-1. PMID 29124648.
- ↑ Chi TH, Hung CC, Chen RF, Yuan CH, Chen JC (2017). "Spontaneous retropharyngeal emphysema: A case report". Niger J Clin Pract. 20 (9): 1213–1215. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_3_16. PMID 29072250.
- ↑ Jovov B, Reed CC, Shaheen NJ, Pruitt A, Ferrell K, Orlando GS; et al. (2017). "Fragments of e-Cadherin as Biomarkers of Non-erosive Reflux Disease". Dig Dis Sci. doi:10.1007/s10620-017-4815-4. PMID 29071486.
- ↑ Althuwaini S, Bamehriz F, Aldohayan A, Alshammari W, Alhaidar S, Alotaibi M; et al. (2017). "Prevalence and Predictors of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy". Obes Surg. doi:10.1007/s11695-017-2971-4. PMID 29043549.