Occupational lung disease epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Hadeel Maksoud M.D.[2]
Overview
Incidence, prevalence and mortality rates for occupational lung disease are not well documented and are unreliable. Individual occupational lung diseases have separate prevalence and incidence rates, such as, farmer's lung has an incidence of 270 cases per 100,000 in 2012. Whilst the mortality rates for work-related disease are approximately 63,000 deaths in 2012. Disease manifestation is correlated to the frequency, duration and dose of inhalational exposure. Occupational lung disease has no predilection to race or gender, however, males tend to work in environments where exposure is common, therefore more males suffer from occupational lung disease. Occupational lung disease, particularly, coal worker's pneumoconiosis is a common disease that tends to affect coal miners in West Virginia and Kentucky, USA and South Wales, UK.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence and prevalence
There are no reliable figures for the incidence or prevalence of occupational lung disease.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Farmer's lung:
- The incidence for farmer's lung was 8-540 cases per 100,000 in 2012.
- Coal worker's pneumoconiosis and silicosis:
- Among coal workers worldwide:
- 300 per 100, 000 developed coal worker's pneumonconiosis
- 25 per 100,000 developed progressive massive fibrosis
- In 30 years of exposure, 120 per 100,000 will develop silicosis and 24 per 100,000 will die from silicosis.
- Among coal workers worldwide:
- Asbestosis
- In 1972, it was reported that 250,000 people were at risk in the US.
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- There is no reliable data for the case-fatality rate of occupational lung disease.
- Mortality rates depend on the substance inhaled, as well as the frequency, duration and dose of inhalational exposure.
- Cardiopulmonary and genetic factors of the host also contribute to mortality rate.
- Overall, there was approximately 60,300 deaths from work-related disease in 2012.
Age
Occupational lung disease commonly affects older individuals who have been exposed longer to a particular substance.
Race
There is no racial predilection to occupational lung disease.
Gender
Males are more commonly affected by occupational lung disease than females, reflecting the occupations in which exposure is present.
Region
- Occupational lung disease, particularly, coal worker's pneumoconiosis is a common disease that tends to affect coal miners in West Virginia and Kentucky, USA and South Wales, UK.
- The United Kingdom, Sweden and France have a high prevalence of farmer's lung.
- Australia, Japan, South Africa and parts of the European Union still use asbestos as an insulation material.
References
- ↑ Hanak V, Golbin JM, Ryu JH (2007). "Causes and presenting features in 85 consecutive patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis". Mayo Clin. Proc. 82 (7): 812–6. doi:10.4065/82.7.812. PMID 17605960.
- ↑ Chen S, Yuan J, Yao S, Jin Y, Chen G, Tian W, Xi J, Xu Z, Weng D, Chen J (2015). "Lipopolysaccharides may aggravate apoptosis through accumulation of autophagosomes in alveolar macrophages of human silicosis". Autophagy. 11 (12): 2346–57. doi:10.1080/15548627.2015.1109765. PMC 4835201. PMID 26553601.
- ↑ de Oliveira Abrão C, de Araújo Filho JA (2015). "Mycobacterium sherrisii Lung Infection in a Brazilian Patient with Silicosis and a History of Pulmonary Tuberculosis". Case Rep Infect Dis. 2015: 498608. doi:10.1155/2015/498608. PMC 4628689. PMID 26557395.
- ↑ Sonnenberg P, Murray J, Glynn JR, Thomas RG, Godfrey-Faussett P, Shearer S (2000). "Risk factors for pulmonary disease due to culture-positive M. tuberculosis or nontuberculous mycobacteria in South African gold miners". Eur. Respir. J. 15 (2): 291–6. PMID 10706494.
- ↑ "Advanced pneumoconiosis among working underground coal miners--Eastern Kentucky and Southwestern Virginia, 2006". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 56 (26): 652–5. 2007. PMID 17615522.
- ↑ "Changing patterns of pneumoconiosis mortality--United States, 1968-2000". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 53 (28): 627–32. 2004. PMID 15269698.
- ↑ Laney AS, Weissman DN (2014). "Respiratory diseases caused by coal mine dust". J. Occup. Environ. Med. 56 Suppl 10: S18–22. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000000260. PMC 4556416. PMID 25285970.