Hyporeflexia
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Carlos A Lopez, M.D. [2]
Overview
Hyporeflexia is the condition of below normal or absent reflexes. It can be tested for by using a reflex hammer. Some examples of hyporeflexia are Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, Drug side effects of all-trans retinoic acid, cevimeline, clonidine, fluphenazine, Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Spinal cord compression
- Stroke
- Penetrating neck injuries
Common Causes
- Becker muscular dystrophy
- Brown-Sequard syndrome
- Bulimia nervosa
- Down's syndrome
- Folate deficiency
- Friedreich ataxia
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Lower motor neuron lesion
- Opioid intoxication
- Vitamin E deficiency
- Stroke
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acute weakness in the emergency department
- Adducted thumb syndrome
- Aftershave
- Alagille syndrome
- All-trans retinoic acid
- Arima syndrome
- Arthrogryposis
- ARTS syndrome
- Arthrogryposis
- Severe combined immunodeficiency
- Bartter syndrome
- Becker muscular dystrophy
- Benign congenital hypotonia
- Boylan-dew-greco syndrome
- Brown-sequard syndrome
- Bulimia nervosa
- CAMFAK syndrome
- Cauda equina syndrome
- Congenital disorder of glycosylation type I
- Central cord syndromes
- Cerebellar syndrome
- Cerebro-Oculo-Facio-Skeletal syndrome
- Cevimeline
- Charcot-marie-tooth
- Chediak-higashi syndrome
- Barium
- Selenious acid
- Neuroacanthocytosis
- Chylomicron retention disease
- Clonidine
- Cockayne syndrome
- Coloboma chorioretinal cerebellar vermis aplasia
- Complex 1 mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency
- Cone shell poisoning
- Congenital myopathy
- Conus medullaris syndrome
- Cytochrome c oxidase
- Folate deficiency
- Decreased reflex response
- Posterior cord syndrome
- Down's syndrome
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Dykes-Markes-Harper syndrome
- Emerinopathy
- Erb-goldflam
- Erythrokeratodermia ataxia
- Eucalyptus oil poisoning
- Fazio-londe syndrome
- Fluphenazine
- Friedreich ataxia
- Gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome
- Griscelli disease
- Guillain-barré syndrome
- Licorice
- Herbal Agent overdose
- Holmes-adie syndrome
- Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
- Hypermagnesaemia
- Hypertrophic neuropathy of dejerine-sottas
- Hypokalemic periodic paralysis
- Hypothermia
- Imidazoline
- Infantile axonal neuropathy
- Insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis
- King cobra poisoning
- Jansen's metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
- Krabbe disease
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
- Lamotrigine
- Leigh syndrome
- Lorazepam
- Lower motor neuron lesion
- Lyme disease
- Marinesco-Sjogren syndrome
- McLeod phenotype
- Mental retardation
- Microlissencephaly
- Miller fisher syndrome
- Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
- Multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block
- Muscular dystrophy
- Muscular fibrosis multifocal
- NADH CoQ reductase deficiency
- Navajo neurohepatopathy
- Nelarabine
- Nervous system injuries due to penetrating neck injury
- Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy
- Neuroaxonal dystrophy, infantile
- Neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease
- Non-ketotic hyperglycemia
- Opioid intoxication
- Oriental hornet poisoning
- Oxazepam
- Oxcarbazepine
- Paramyotonia congenita
- Pena-shokeir syndrome type 2
- Penetrating neck injuries
- Perphenazine
- Pharyngeal-cervical-brachial weakness
- Phenothiazine
- Polymyositis
- Potassium
- Prochlorperazine
- Spinal muscular atrophy
- Pure motor lacunar syndrome
- Quaternary syphilis
- Rommen-mueller-sybert syndrome
- Roussy-levy syndrome
- Saquinavir
- Scapuloperoneal amyotrophy
- Schwartz-jampel syndrome
- Snakebites
- Segmental syndrome
- Skeletal dysplasia
- Smith-Magenis syndrome
- Spastic tetraplegic -- cerebral palsy
- Spinal bulbar motor neuropathy
- Spinal cord compression
- Spinal muscular atrophy
- Spinocerebellar ataxia
- Stroke
- Tabes dorsalis
- Tang hsi ryu syndrome
- Mitochondrial acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase deficiency
- Thioridazine
- Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis
- Tiagabine
- Transverse myelitis
- Treft-sanborn-carey syndrome
- Trifluoperazine
- Venlafaxine
- Vincristine
- Anterior cord syndrome
- Vigabatrin
- Vitamin E deficiency
- White chameleon poisoning
- Zaleplon
- Zellweger syndrome