Hammer toe

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Hammer toe
A Mallet Toe is evident on the 3rd digit
ICD-10 M20.4, Q66.8
ICD-9 735.4, 755.66
MeSH D037801

WikiDoc Resources for Hammer toe

Articles

Most recent articles on Hammer toe

Most cited articles on Hammer toe

Review articles on Hammer toe

Articles on Hammer toe in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ

Media

Powerpoint slides on Hammer toe

Images of Hammer toe

Photos of Hammer toe

Podcasts & MP3s on Hammer toe

Videos on Hammer toe

Evidence Based Medicine

Cochrane Collaboration on Hammer toe

Bandolier on Hammer toe

TRIP on Hammer toe

Clinical Trials

Ongoing Trials on Hammer toe at Clinical Trials.gov

Trial results on Hammer toe

Clinical Trials on Hammer toe at Google

Guidelines / Policies / Govt

US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hammer toe

NICE Guidance on Hammer toe

NHS PRODIGY Guidance

FDA on Hammer toe

CDC on Hammer toe

Books

Books on Hammer toe

News

Hammer toe in the news

Be alerted to news on Hammer toe

News trends on Hammer toe

Commentary

Blogs on Hammer toe

Definitions

Definitions of Hammer toe

Patient Resources / Community

Patient resources on Hammer toe

Discussion groups on Hammer toe

Patient Handouts on Hammer toe

Directions to Hospitals Treating Hammer toe

Risk calculators and risk factors for Hammer toe

Healthcare Provider Resources

Symptoms of Hammer toe

Causes & Risk Factors for Hammer toe

Diagnostic studies for Hammer toe

Treatment of Hammer toe

Continuing Medical Education (CME)

CME Programs on Hammer toe

International

Hammer toe en Espanol

Hammer toe en Francais

Business

Hammer toe in the Marketplace

Patents on Hammer toe

Experimental / Informatics

List of terms related to Hammer toe

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3]

Synonyms and keywords: Claw toe; hammertoe syndrome; mallet toe

Overview

A hammer toe is a deformity of the second, third, or fourth toe causing it to be permanently bent at the proximal interphalangeal joint, resembling a hammer. Mallet toe is another name for this condition when affecting the distal interphalangeal joint.

Pathophysiology

Risk factors

Common risk factors include:

Complications

Few complications of hammer toe include:

Causes

Common causes of muscle, nerve, or joint damage resulting in a hammer toe include:[1][2]

History and symptoms

Treatment

Conservative treatment

Surgery

Prevention

Primary preventive measures for hammer toe include:

References

  1. Ridley LJ, Han J, Ridley WE, Xiang H (2018). "Claw toe". J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 62 Suppl 1: 126. doi:10.1111/1754-9485.07_12786. PMID 30309185.
  2. Ceccarini P, Rinonapoli G, Sebastiani E, Bisaccia M, Ceccarini A, Caraffa A (2019). "Clinical Comparison Between Shortening Osteotomy of the Proximal Phalanx Neck and Arthrodesis in Hammer Toe Surgery at Mid-TermFollow-Up". J Foot Ankle Surg. 58 (2): 221–225. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2018.08.002. PMID 30553747.
  3. Doty JF, Fogleman JA (2018). "Treatment of Rigid Hammer-Toe Deformity: Permanent Versus Removable Implant Selection". Foot Ankle Clin. 23 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1016/j.fcl.2017.09.007. PMID 29362037.
  4. Mueller CM, Boden SA, Boden AL, Maidman SD, Cutler A, Mignemi D; et al. (2018). "Complication Rates and Short-Term Outcomes After Operative Hammertoe Correction in Older Patients". Foot Ankle Int. 39 (6): 681–688. doi:10.1177/1071100718755472. PMID 29444584.
  5. Ceccarini P, Ceccarini A, Rinonapoli G, Caraffa A (2015). "Correction of Hammer Toe Deformity of Lateral Toes With Subtraction Osteotomy of the Proximal Phalanx Neck". J Foot Ankle Surg. 54 (4): 601–6. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2014.11.013. PMID 25746765.
  6. Basile A, Albo F, Via AG (2015). "Intramedullary Fixation System for the Treatment of Hammertoe Deformity". J Foot Ankle Surg. 54 (5): 910–6. doi:10.1053/j.jfas.2015.04.004. PMID 26028601.
  7. Catena F, Doty JF, Jastifer J, Coughlin MJ, Stevens F (2014). "Prospective study of hammertoe correction with an intramedullary implant". Foot Ankle Int. 35 (4): 319–25. doi:10.1177/1071100713519780. PMID 24443491.
  8. Obrador C, Losa-Iglesias M, Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo R, Kabbash CA (2018). "Comparative Study of Intramedullary Hammertoe Fixation". Foot Ankle Int. 39 (4): 415–425. doi:10.1177/1071100717745854. PMID 29337598.
  9. Kramer WC, Parman M, Marks RM (2015). "Hammertoe correction with k-wire fixation". Foot Ankle Int. 36 (5): 494–502. doi:10.1177/1071100714568013. PMID 25677363.

Template:Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

de:Hammerzehe


Template:WikiDoc Sources