Protamine

protamine 1
Identifiers
Symbol	PRM1
Entrez	5619
HUGO	9447
OMIM	182880
RefSeq	NM_002761
UniProt	P04553
Other data
Locus	Chr. 16 p13.13

protamine 2
Identifiers
Symbol	PRM2
Entrez	5620
HUGO	9448
OMIM	182890
RefSeq	NM_002762
UniProt	P04554
Other data
Locus	Chr. 16 p13.13

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List of terms related to Protamine

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Protamines are small, arginine-rich, nuclear proteins that replace histones late in the haploid phase of spermatogenesis and are believed essential for sperm head condensation and DNA stabilization.

Function

When mixed with insulin, protamines slow down the onset and increase the duration of insulin action (see NPH insulin).

Protamine sulfate is an antidote for heparin. The dose of protamine sulfate used to reverse heparin is 10 mg IV for every 1,000 Units of unfractionated heparin. Care should be exercised in the patient who has ingested NPH insulin (neutral protamine hydrolysate) as these patients can sustain an allergic reaction to protamine sulfate. Protamine sulfate also partially reverses enoxaparin (about 66% as effective as it is with heparin).

Examples

Mice, humans, and certain fish have 2 or more different protamines, whereas the sperm of bull, boar, rat, rabbit, guinea pig, and ram have one form of protamine.

Human

The 2 human protamines are denoted PRM1 and PRM2.

External links

• Protamines at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• V03AB14 (WHO)