Interventional Cardiology

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]



Risk Stratification and the Benefits of PCI vs Medical Therapy

Conscious Sedation

Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization

Preparation of the Patient for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access

Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton

Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Basic Principles and Guidelines

Functional assesement of coronary lesions

Coronary Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR))

Coronary flow reserve(CFR)

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)

Equipment Used in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Pharmacotherapy to Support PCI

Angiography and PCI in Special Patient Populations

Management Of Specific Lesion Types

High Risk Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)

Hybrid Procedures

Vascular Closure Devices

Post PCI Medical Management of the Interventional Patient

Non Coronary Interventions in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory

Complications During and Following Cardiac Catheterization and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Coronary stent thrombosis

Transfusion in ACS management

Revascularization in the "No Option" Patient

Radiation Safety


Interventional cardiology is a branch of the medical specialty of cardiology that deals specifically with the catheter based treatment of structural heart diseases. A large number of procedures can be performed on the heart by catheterization. This most commonly involves the insertion of a sheath into the femoral artery (but, in practice, any large peripheral artery or vein) and cannulating the heart under X-ray visualization (most commonly fluoroscopy, a real-time x-ray).

Procedures performed by specialists in interventional cardiology:

  • Angioplasty (PTCA, Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty) - for coronary atherosclerosis
  • Valvuloplasty - dilation of narrowed cardiac valves (usually mitral, aortic or pulmonary)
  • Procedures for congenital heart disease - insertion of occluders for ventricular or atrial septal defects, occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus, angioplasty of great vessels
  • Emergency angioplasty and stenting of occluded coronary vessels in the setting of acute myocardial infarction

Invasive procedures of the heart to treat arrhythmias are performed by specialists in clinical cardiac electrophysiology

Surgery of the heart is done by the specialty of cardiothoracic surgery. Some interventional cardiology procedures are only performed when there is cardiothoracic surgery expertise in the hospital, in case of complications.

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